collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29934437/human-gut-microbiome-hopes-threats-and-promises
#1
REVIEW
Patrice D Cani
The microbiome has received increasing attention over the last 15 years. Although gut microbes have been explored for several decades, investigations of the role of microorganisms that reside in the human gut has attracted much attention beyond classical infectious diseases. For example, numerous studies have reported changes in the gut microbiota during not only obesity, diabetes, and liver diseases but also cancer and even neurodegenerative diseases. The human gut microbiota is viewed as a potential source of novel therapeutics...
September 2018: Gut
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28444508/study-protocol-on-the-role-of-intestinal-microbiota-in-colorectal-cancer-treatment-a-pathway-to-personalized-medicine-2-0
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R Aarnoutse, J M P G M de Vos-Geelen, J Penders, E G Boerma, F A R M Warmerdam, B Goorts, S W M Olde Damink, Z Soons, S S M Rensen, M L Smidt
PURPOSE: Investigate in patients with metastatic and/or irresectable colorectal cancer treated with systemic treatment with capecitabine or TAS-102 whether: 1. Intestinal microbiota composition can act as a predictor for response. 2. Intestinal microbiota composition changes during systemic treatment and its relation to chemotoxicity. BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota and host determinants evolve in symbiotic and dependent relationships resulting in a personal ecosystem...
July 2017: International Journal of Colorectal Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27409811/human-gut-microbes-impact-host-serum-metabolome-and-insulin-sensitivity
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Helle Krogh Pedersen, Valborg Gudmundsdottir, Henrik Bjørn Nielsen, Tuulia Hyotylainen, Trine Nielsen, Benjamin A H Jensen, Kristoffer Forslund, Falk Hildebrand, Edi Prifti, Gwen Falony, Emmanuelle Le Chatelier, Florence Levenez, Joel Doré, Ismo Mattila, Damian R Plichta, Päivi Pöhö, Lars I Hellgren, Manimozhiyan Arumugam, Shinichi Sunagawa, Sara Vieira-Silva, Torben Jørgensen, Jacob Bak Holm, Kajetan Trošt, Karsten Kristiansen, Susanne Brix, Jeroen Raes, Jun Wang, Torben Hansen, Peer Bork, Søren Brunak, Matej Oresic, S Dusko Ehrlich, Oluf Pedersen
Insulin resistance is a forerunner state of ischaemic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Here we show how the human gut microbiome impacts the serum metabolome and associates with insulin resistance in 277 non-diabetic Danish individuals. The serum metabolome of insulin-resistant individuals is characterized by increased levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which correlate with a gut microbiome that has an enriched biosynthetic potential for BCAAs and is deprived of genes encoding bacterial inward transporters for these amino acids...
July 21, 2016: Nature
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25271725/the-contributory-role-of-gut-microbiota-in-cardiovascular-disease
#4
REVIEW
W H Wilson Tang, Stanley L Hazen
Our group recently discovered that certain dietary nutrients possessing a trimethylamine (TMA) moiety, namely choline/phosphatidylcholine and L-carnitine, participate in the development of atherosclerotic heart disease. A meta-organismal pathway was elucidated involving gut microbiota-dependent formation of TMA and host hepatic flavin monooxygenase 3-dependent (FMO3-dependent) formation of TMA-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite shown to be both mechanistically linked to atherosclerosis and whose levels are strongly linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks...
October 2014: Journal of Clinical Investigation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25646429/age-related-immune-clearance-of-hepatitis-b-virus-infection-requires-the-establishment-of-gut-microbiota
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Han-Hsuan Chou, Wei-Hung Chien, Li-Ling Wu, Chi-Hung Cheng, Chen-Han Chung, Jau-Haw Horng, Yen-Hsuan Ni, Hong-Tai Tseng, Dafei Wu, Xuemei Lu, Hurng-Yi Wang, Pei-Jer Chen, Ding-Shinn Chen
A unique feature of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in humans is that viral clearance heavily depends on the age of exposure. However, the reason for this remains unclear. Here we show that gut microbiota contribute to the age dependence of HBV immunity in a hydrodynamic transfection mouse model. Although adult (12-wk-old) C3H/HeN mice cleared HBV within 6 wk postinjection (wpi), their young (6-wk-old) counterparts remained HBV-positive at 26 wpi. Sterilization of gut microbiota from 6 to 12 wk of age using antibiotics prevented adult mice from rapidly clearing HBV...
February 17, 2015: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24898225/gut-microbiota-and-cardiometabolic-outcomes-influence-of-dietary-patterns-and-their-associated-components
#6
REVIEW
Julia M W Wong
Many dietary patterns have been associated with cardiometabolic risk reduction. A commonality between these dietary patterns is the emphasis on plant-based foods. Studies in individuals who consume vegetarian and vegan diets have shown a reduced risk of cardiovascular events and incidence of diabetes. Plant-based dietary patterns may promote a more favorable gut microbial profile. Such diets are high in dietary fiber and fermentable substrate (ie, nondigestible or undigested carbohydrates), which are sources of metabolic fuel for gut microbial fermentation and, in turn, result in end products that may be used by the host (eg, short-chain fatty acids)...
July 2014: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25567038/the-gut-microbiota-and-inflammatory-noncommunicable-diseases-associations-and-potentials-for-gut-microbiota-therapies
#7
REVIEW
Christina E West, Harald Renz, Maria C Jenmalm, Anita L Kozyrskyj, Katrina J Allen, Peter Vuillermin, Susan L Prescott
Rapid environmental transition and modern lifestyles are likely driving changes in the biodiversity of the human gut microbiota. With clear effects on physiologic, immunologic, and metabolic processes in human health, aberrations in the gut microbiome and intestinal homeostasis have the capacity for multisystem effects. Changes in microbial composition are implicated in the increasing propensity for a broad range of inflammatory diseases, such as allergic disease, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, and associated noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)...
January 2015: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25921831/the-role-of-the-gut-microbiota-in-metabolic-health
#8
REVIEW
Aafke W F Janssen, Sander Kersten
The global prevalence of obesity and related comorbidities has increased considerably over the past decades. In addition to an increase in food consumption and a reduction in physical activity, growing evidence implicates the microorganisms in our gastrointestinal tract, referred to as the gut microbiota, in obesity and related metabolic disturbances. The composition of the gut microbiota can fluctuate markedly within an individual and between individuals. Changes in gut microbial composition may be unfavorable and predispose an individual to disease...
August 2015: FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
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