collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24396135/early-onset-neonatal-sepsis
#21
REVIEW
Kari A Simonsen, Ann L Anderson-Berry, Shirley F Delair, H Dele Davies
Early-onset sepsis remains a common and serious problem for neonates, especially preterm infants. Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the most common etiologic agent, while Escherichia coli is the most common cause of mortality. Current efforts toward maternal intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis have significantly reduced the rates of GBS disease but have been associated with increased rates of Gram-negative infections, especially among very-low-birth-weight infants. The diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is based on a combination of clinical presentation; the use of nonspecific markers, including C-reactive protein and procalcitonin (where available); blood cultures; and the use of molecular methods, including PCR...
January 2014: Clinical Microbiology Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26750406/early-and-late-infections-in-newborns-where-do-we-stand-a-review
#22
REVIEW
Francesca Cortese, Pietro Scicchitano, Michele Gesualdo, Antonella Filaninno, Elsa De Giorgi, Federico Schettini, Nicola Laforgia, Marco Matteo Ciccone
Neonatal sepsis still represents an important cause of mortality and morbidity among infants. According to the onset, we can distinguish "early onset sepsis" when microbiological cultures positive for external pathogens come from newborns during the first 7 days of life (maternal intrapartum transmission); "late onset sepsis" when microbiological cultures positive for external pathogens come from newborns after the first 7 days from delivery (postnatal acquisition). In this review we synthesize the incidence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and methods of diagnosis and treatment of each type of neonatal infection, in order to better define such a pathological condition which is of great importance in common clinical practice...
August 2016: Pediatrics and Neonatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27064402/common-respiratory-conditions-of-the-newborn
#23
REVIEW
David J Gallacher, Kylie Hart, Sailesh Kotecha
KEY POINTS: Respiratory distress is a common presenting feature among newborn infants.Prompt investigation to ascertain the underlying diagnosis and appropriate subsequent management is important to improve outcomes.Many of the underlying causes of respiratory distress in a newborn are unique to this age group.A chest radiograph is crucial to assist in diagnosis of an underlying cause. EDUCATIONAL AIMS: To inform readers of the common respiratory problems encountered in neonatology and the evidence-based management of these conditions...
March 2016: Breathe
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26701838/bird-s-eye-view-of-a-neonatologist-clinical-approach-to-emergency-neonatal-infection
#24
REVIEW
Fu-Kuei Huang, Hsiu-Lin Chen, Peng-Hong Yang, Hung-Chih Lin
Though the incidence of neonatal infection in term and near-term infants is relatively low, incidence of infection in preterm very low birth weight infants is as high as 20-30% and may result in neurodevelopmental impairment or mortality. Pediatricians should be familiar with recognition and emergency management of life-threatening neonatal infections, such as congenital pneumonia, early onset sepsis, late onset sepsis, bacterial and fungal meningitis, disseminated neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV), and HSV meningoencephalitis...
June 2016: Pediatrics and Neonatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26628729/apnea-of-prematurity
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eric C Eichenwald
Apnea of prematurity is one of the most common diagnoses in the NICU. Despite the frequency of apnea of prematurity, it is unknown whether recurrent apnea, bradycardia, and hypoxemia in preterm infants are harmful. Research into the development of respiratory control in immature animals and preterm infants has facilitated our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of apnea of prematurity. However, the lack of consistent definitions, monitoring practices, and consensus about clinical significance leads to significant variation in practice...
January 2016: Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26732078/anemia-and-transfusion-in-the-neonate
#26
REVIEW
Raffaella Colombatti, Laura Sainati, Daniele Trevisanuto
Neonatal anemia is a frequent occurrence in neonatal intensive care units. Red blood cell transfusion criteria in case of blood loss are clearly defined but optimal hemoglobin or hematocrit thresholds of transfusion for anemia due to decreased production or increased destruction are less evident. This review focuses on the causes of anemia in the newborn period and the most recent evidence-based treatment options, including transfusion and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.
February 2016: Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26810788/prevention-and-management-of-procedural-pain-in-the-neonate-an-update
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
The prevention of pain in neonates should be the goal of all pediatricians and health care professionals who work with neonates, not only because it is ethical but also because repeated painful exposures have the potential for deleterious consequences. Neonates at greatest risk of neurodevelopmental impairment as a result of preterm birth (ie, the smallest and sickest) are also those most likely to be exposed to the greatest number of painful stimuli in the NICU. Although there are major gaps in knowledge regarding the most effective way to prevent and relieve pain in neonates, proven and safe therapies are currently underused for routine minor, yet painful procedures...
February 2016: Pediatrics
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