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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dipender Gill, Prasanthi Sivakumaran, Adarsh Aravind, Atisha Tank, Roshni Dosh, Roland Veltkamp
BACKGROUND: Leukocyte-mediated neuroinflammation may affect outcomes after ischemic stroke. AIMS: To explore temporal changes in levels of peripherally circulating leukocyte subtypes in the early hours after ischemic stroke in humans. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a single-center database of consecutive thrombolysis cases for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Multivariable regression analysis was used to explore temporal changes in the levels of peripherally circulating leukocyte subtypes in the hours immediately after ischemic stroke...
January 2018: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases: the Official Journal of National Stroke Association
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ihab Hajjar, Kristine J Rosenberger, Ambar Kulshreshtha, Hilsa N Ayonayon, Kristine Yaffe, Felicia C Goldstein
Importance: The Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC-8) recommended treating systolic blood pressure (SBP) to a target below 150 mm Hg in older adults, whereas data from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) suggested that a SBP level of lower than 120 mm Hg decreases cardiovascular event rates. Target SBP guidelines have not addressed the potential that black patients may have greater morbidity and mortality from hypertension, especially with regard to cognitive outcomes...
October 1, 2017: JAMA Neurology
#3
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Nicola Logallo, Vojtech Novotny, Jörg Assmus, Christopher E Kvistad, Lars Alteheld, Ole Morten Rønning, Bente Thommessen, Karl-Friedrich Amthor, Hege Ihle-Hansen, Martin Kurz, Håkon Tobro, Kamaljit Kaur, Magdalena Stankiewicz, Maria Carlsson, Åse Morsund, Titto Idicula, Anne Hege Aamodt, Christian Lund, Halvor Næss, Ulrike Waje-Andreassen, Lars Thomassen
BACKGROUND: Tenecteplase is a newer thrombolytic agent with some pharmacological advantages over alteplase. Previous phase 2 trials of tenecteplase in acute ischaemic stroke have shown promising results. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of tenecteplase versus alteplase in patients with acute stroke who were eligible for intravenous thrombolysis. METHODS: This phase 3, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, superiority trial was done in 13 stroke units in Norway...
October 2017: Lancet Neurology
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Oscar H Del Brutto, Aldo F Costa, José A Cano, Ernesto Peñaherrera, Karin J Plaza, Ernesto A Ledesma, Daniel Tettamanti, Mauricio Zambrano
BACKGROUND: Information on the burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) in rural areas of developing countries is limited. Here, we aimed to assess AF prevalence in community-dwelling older adults living in rural Ecuador. METHODS: Atahualpa residents aged ≥60 years (mean age 70.5 ± 8.1 years) underwent 24-h Holter monitoring. Participants belong to the Amerindian ethnic group. The mean height in the study population was 147.9 ± 8.9 cm. Oily fish was a major source of food (mean intake: 8 ± 4 servings/week)...
May 2018: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
#5
REVIEW
Cai-Yun Liu, Jie Zhu, Xiang-Yu Zheng, Chi Ma, Xu Wang
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is potentially lethal, but it is also a treatable autoimmune disorder characterized by prominent psychiatric and neurologic symptoms. It is often accompanied with teratoma or other neoplasm, especially in female patients. Anti-NMDAR antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum are characteristic features of the disease, thereby suggesting a pathogenic role in the disease. Here, we summarize recent studies that have clearly documented that both clinical manifestations and the antibodies may contribute to early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care...
2017: Mediators of Inflammation
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sandro Marini, Andrea Morotti, Umme K Lena, Joshua N Goldstein, Steven M Greenberg, Jonathan Rosand, Christopher D Anderson
BACKGROUND: Infectious complications worsen outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We investigated the impact of sex on post-ICH infections and mortality. METHODS: Consecutive ICH patients (admitted to a single hospital between 1994 and 2015) were retrospectively assessed via chart review to ascertain the following in-hospital infections: urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia, and sepsis. Adjusted logistic regression was performed to identify associations between sex, infection, and mortality at 90 days...
February 2018: Neurocritical Care
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gaetano Lanza, Carlo Setacci, Stefano Ricci, Patrizio Castelli, Alberto Cremonesi, Jessica Lanza, Claudio Novali, Carlo Pratesi, Paola Santalucia, Francesco Speziale, Augusto Zaninelli, Gian Franco Gensini
Although proof-based medicine has generated much valid evidence for the drawing up of guidelines and recommendations for best clinical practice in symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis, whether and when it is better to employ endarterectomy or stenting as the intervention of choice still remain matters of debate. Moreover, guidelines have been targeted up to now to the 'representative' patient, as resulting from the statistical analyses of the studies conducted on the safety and efficacy of both interventions as well as on medical therapy alone...
July 2017: International Journal of Stroke: Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
#8
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Salwa El-Tawil, Joanna Wardlaw, Ian Ford, Grant Mair, Tom Robinson, Lalit Kalra, Keith W Muir
Rationale Multimodal imaging, including computed tomography angiography and computed tomography perfusion imaging, yields additional information on intracranial vessels and brain perfusion and can differentiate between ischemic core and penumbra which may affect patient selection for intravenous thrombolysis. Hypothesis The use of multimodal imaging will increase the number of patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis and lead to better treatment outcomes. Sample size 400 patients. Methods and design PRACTISE is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial in which patients presenting within 4...
August 2017: International Journal of Stroke: Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
#9
REVIEW
Steven G Achinger, Juan Carlos Ayus
OBJECTIVES: Hyponatremic encephalopathy, symptomatic cerebral edema due to a low osmolar state, is a medical emergency and often encountered in the ICU setting. This article provides a critical appraisal and review of the literature on identification of high-risk patients and the treatment of this life-threatening disorder. DATA SOURCES, STUDY SELECTION, AND DATA EXTRACTION: Online search of the PubMed database and manual review of articles involving risk factors for hyponatremic encephalopathy and treatment of hyponatremic encephalopathy in critical illness...
October 2017: Critical Care Medicine
#10
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Michał Mazurek, Eduard Shantsila, Deirdre A Lane, Andreas Wolff, Marco Proietti, Gregory Y H Lip
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who experienced an acute stroke are at high risk for recurrence, many patients are untreated or treated suboptimally for stroke prevention. The objective of this study is to compare clinical outcomes of AF patients with versus without previous stroke in relation to guideline-adherent antithrombotic treatment in a contemporary primary care population. METHODS: Community cohort of 105 000 patients from 11 general practices in Darlington, England, was used to assess AF stroke prevention strategies against 2014 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines...
August 2017: Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel Kleinloog, Nikki de Mul, Bon H Verweij, Jan Andries Post, Gabriel J E Rinkel, Ynte M Ruigrok
BACKGROUND: Intracranial aneurysm rupture prediction is poor, with only a few risk factors for rupture identified and used in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of all the risk factors (including genetic, molecular, morphological, and hemodynamic factors) that have potential for use in clinical practice. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE and focused on factors that can be easily assessed in clinical practice, might be used for rupture prediction in clinical practice, and/or are potential targets for further research...
April 1, 2018: Neurosurgery
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yian Gu, Robert Vorburger, Nikolaos Scarmeas, José A Luchsinger, Jennifer J Manly, Nicole Schupf, Richard Mayeux, Adam M Brickman
The aim of this investigation was to determine whether circulating inflammatory biomarkers c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL6), and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) were related to structural brain measures assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). High-resolution structural MRI was collected on 680 non-demented elderly (mean age 80.1years) participants of a community-based, multiethnic cohort. Approximately three quarters of these participants also had peripheral inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL6, and ACT) measured using ELISA...
October 2017: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
#13
REVIEW
Ying Bai, Yan-Liang Wang, Alena Shantsila, Gregory Y H Lip
BACKGROUND: Our previous review reported great variability in the incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in non-Western cohorts, especially from Asian countries; in recent years, epidemiologic studies on AF have been increasingly reported from Asia. METHODS: The goal of this updated systematic review was to present the current knowledge base of AF epidemiology in Asian countries since our previous review. We also explored AF incidence and the risk of stroke in AF by using a meta-analysis, with I2 testing the heterogeneity...
October 2017: Chest
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Li Xiong, Ge Tian, Li Wang, Wenhua Lin, Xiangyan Chen, Thomas Wai Hong Leung, Yannie Oi Yan Soo, Lawrence Ka Sing Wong
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: External counterpulsation (ECP) is a noninvasive method used to augment cerebral perfusion in ischemic stroke. However, the response of beat-to-beat heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with ischemic stroke during ECP remains unknown. METHODS: Forty-eight patients with unilateral ischemic stroke at the subacute stage and 14 healthy controls were recruited. Beat-to-beat heart rate before, during, and after ECP was monitored. The frequency components of HRV were calculated using power spectral analysis...
July 2017: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases: the Official Journal of National Stroke Association
#15
REVIEW
Shuo Huang, Zhen-Ni Guo, Mingchao Shi, Yi Yang, Mingli Rao
Moyamoya disease is a chronic cerebrovascular occlusive disease that is characterized by progressive stenosis of the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery and its main branches. The occurrence of Moyamoya disease is related to immune, genetic, and other factors. Though the research of Moyamoya disease has made great strides in the past 60 years, the etiology and pathogenesis are largely unknown. This review will focus on the genetic pathogenic and inflammation factors of Moyamoya disease.
April 2017: International Journal of Stroke: Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
#16
COMMENT
Demetrios Moris, Dimitrios Schizas, Georgios Karaolanis, Ioannis Karavokyros
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 1, 2017: Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James A de Lemos, Colby R Ayers, Benjamin D Levine, Christopher R deFilippi, Thomas J Wang, W Gregory Hundley, Jarett D Berry, Stephen L Seliger, Darren K McGuire, Pamela Ouyang, Mark H Drazner, Matthew Budoff, Philip Greenland, Christie M Ballantyne, Amit Khera
BACKGROUND: Current strategies for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment among adults without known CVD are limited by suboptimal performance and a narrow focus on only atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). We hypothesized that a strategy combining promising biomarkers across multiple different testing modalities would improve global and atherosclerotic CVD risk assessment among individuals without known CVD. METHODS: We included participants from MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) (n=6621) and the Dallas Heart Study (n=2202) who were free from CVD and underwent measurement of left ventricular hypertrophy by ECG, coronary artery calcium, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein...
May 30, 2017: Circulation
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
Andrew Rhodes, Laura E Evans, Waleed Alhazzani, Mitchell M Levy, Massimo Antonelli, Ricard Ferrer, Anand Kumar, Jonathan E Sevransky, Charles L Sprung, Mark E Nunnally, Bram Rochwerg, Gordon D Rubenfeld, Derek C Angus, Djillali Annane, Richard J Beale, Geoffrey J Bellinghan, Gordon R Bernard, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Craig Coopersmith, Daniel P De Backer, Craig J French, Seitaro Fujishima, Herwig Gerlach, Jorge Luis Hidalgo, Steven M Hollenberg, Alan E Jones, Dilip R Karnad, Ruth M Kleinpell, Younsuck Koh, Thiago Costa Lisboa, Flavia R Machado, John J Marini, John C Marshall, John E Mazuski, Lauralyn A McIntyre, Anthony S McLean, Sangeeta Mehta, Rui P Moreno, John Myburgh, Paolo Navalesi, Osamu Nishida, Tiffany M Osborn, Anders Perner, Colleen M Plunkett, Marco Ranieri, Christa A Schorr, Maureen A Seckel, Christopher W Seymour, Lisa Shieh, Khalid A Shukri, Steven Q Simpson, Mervyn Singer, B Taylor Thompson, Sean R Townsend, Thomas Van der Poll, Jean-Louis Vincent, W Joost Wiersinga, Janice L Zimmerman, R Phillip Dellinger
OBJECTIVE: To provide an update to "Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012." DESIGN: A consensus committee of 55 international experts representing 25 international organizations was convened. Nominal groups were assembled at key international meetings (for those committee members attending the conference). A formal conflict-of-interest (COI) policy was developed at the onset of the process and enforced throughout. A stand-alone meeting was held for all panel members in December 2015...
March 2017: Critical Care Medicine
#19
REVIEW
M A Schreve, C G Vos, A C Vahl, J P P M de Vries, S Kum, G J de Borst, Ç Ünlü
BACKGROUND: Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) is the end stage of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and is associated with high amputation and mortality rates and poor quality of life. For CLI patients with no revascularisation options, venous arterialisation could be a last resort for limb salvage. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the clinical effectiveness of venous arterialisation for lower limb salvage in CLI patients with no revascularisation options. METHOD: Different databases were searched for papers published between January 1966 and January 2016...
March 2017: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jordi Sanahuja, Núria Alonso, Javier Diez, Emilio Ortega, Esther Rubinat, Alícia Traveset, Núria Alcubierre, Àngels Betriu, Esmeralda Castelblanco, Marta Hernández, Francisco Purroy, Maria Vittoria Arcidiacono, Carmen Jurjo, Elvira Fernández, Manuel Puig-Domingo, Per-Henrik Groop, Dídac Mauricio
OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the presence and severity of brain small vessel disease (SVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) compared with those without DR. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated 312 patients with type 2 diabetes without previous cardiovascular disease (men 51%; mean age 57 years; age range 40-75 years); 153 patients (49%) had DR. MRI was performed to evaluate the presence and severity (age-related white matter changes scale) of white matter lesions (WMLs) and lacunes, and transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the Gosling pulsatility index (PI) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA)...
September 2016: Diabetes Care
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