CKD Biomarkers

BACKGROUND: Investigation of circulating metabolites associated with kidney function and chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk could enhance our understanding of underlying pathways and identify new biomarkers for kidney function. METHODS: We selected participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study with data on circulating metabolites and estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine (eGFRcreat) available at the same time point. Data on eGFR based on serum cystatin C (eGFRcys) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were also included...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the advantages of urinary matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in evaluating renal tubular injury in minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) patients compared with urinary cystatin C (CysC) and retinol-binding protein (RBP). METHODS: Serum and urine samples were collected from 20 healthy volunteers, and 40 MCD and 20 FSGS patients. Serum and urinary MMP-7 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay...

Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) is a secreted endopeptidase involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix components and the activation of cytokines and growth factors. The regulation of MMP-7 can be transcriptionally regulated by AP-1 or Wnt/β-catenin or post-translationally by proteolytic activation. MMP-7 expression is low or absent in the healthy kidney, but is significantly upregulated in kidney injury, including AKI and CKD. The function of MMP-7 in kidney disease may differ for CKD and AKI; it may have a profibrotic role in CKD and an anti-apoptotic and regenerative function in AKI...

BACKGROUND: In human glomerular diseases, visualizing podocyte injury is desirable since podocytes do not regenerate and podocyte injury leads to podocyte loss. Herein, we investigated the utility of immunostaining for early growth response 1 (EGR1), which is expressed in injured podocytes from the early stages of injury in animal experiments, as a podocyte injury marker in human glomerular diseases. METHODS: This study included 102 patients with biopsy-proven glomerular diseases between 2018 and 2021...

Fluorescence analysis is an increasingly important contributor to the early diagnosis of kidney diseases. To achieve precise visualization of the kidneys and early diagnosis of related diseases, an asymmetric pyrrolopyrrolidone (DPP) dye platform with C-aromatic substituents and N-lipophilic/hydrophilic modification was constructed. Based on these, we developed the renal-clearable, water-soluble, and kidney injury biomarker leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activated ratiometric fluorescent probe DPP-S-L . In the mouse model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and during the development of type 2 diabetes to diabetic kidney disease, we visualized for the first time the upregulation of LAP in the kidney and urine by dual-channel ratiometric fluorescence signal and diagnosed the kidney injury earlier and more sensitively than blood/urine enzyme detection and tissue analysis...

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as the progressive deterioration of renal parenchyma and decline in renal unit function. In the early stages of CKD(G1 + G2), symptoms are usually not obvious and cannot be effectively recognized on the basis of available clinical markers. Progression to the middle and late stages of CKD results in severe kidney damage with multiple complications causing adverse outcomes, including death. Therefore, the early diagnosis and monitoring of CKD is critical...

BACKGROUND: Plasma (p-)activin A is elevated in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Activin A inhibition ameliorates CKD-MBD complications (vascular calcification and bone disease) in rodent CKD models. We examined whether p-activin A was associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause mortality and CKD-MBD complications in CKD patients. METHODS: The study included 916 participants (741 patients and 175 controls) from the prospective Copenhagen CKD cohort...

BACKGROUND: Chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients have a very high cardiovascular risk. Acute vascular changes during dialysis mediated by factors of the endothelium may have a crucial role in this. The aim of this article is to study the acute vascular changes during HD. METHODS: In 29 consecutive chronic HD patients (age: 65.6 ± 10.4 years), their pre-, mid-, and post-HD plasma syndecan-1 (SDC-1) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels were measured. Applanation tonometry was performed before HD...

Acute and chronic kidney disease continues to confer significant morbidity and mortality in the clinical setting. Despite high prevalence of these conditions, few validated biomarkers exist to predict kidney dysfunction. In this study, we utilized a novel kidney multiplex panel to measure 21 proteins in plasma and urine to characterize the spectrum of biomarker profiles in kidney disease. Blood and urine samples were obtained from age-/sex-matched healthy control subjects (HC), critically-ill COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), and patients with chronic or end-stage kidney disease (CKD/ESKD)...

BACKGROUND: Identification of reliable biomarkers to assess kidney fibrosis severity is necessary for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Activin A, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, has been suggested as a biomarker for kidney fibrosis. However, its precise utility in this regard remains to be established. METHODS: We investigated the correlation between plasma activin A levels, kidney fibrosis severity, and the incidence of major adverse kidney events (MAKE) in patients who underwent native kidney biopsies at a tertiary medical center...

BACKGROUND: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H MRS) is an imaging method for quantification of bone marrow fat. It has been used for evaluation of bone marrow changes in patients with chronic disorders, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). In these patients, there is a high turnover state, with an excessive amount of non-mineralized component of bone, leading to skeletal fragility and subsequent increased fracture risk. METHODS: Thirty CKD patients underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and eight healthy controls underwent MRS at lumbar spine...

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: The risk of Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) progression is significant despite renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blocking agents treatment. Current clinical tools cannot predict whether or not patients will respond to the treatment with RAS-inhibitors (RASi). We aimed to investigate if proteome analysis could identify urinary peptides as biomarkers that could predict the response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) treatment to avoid DKD progression...

BACKGROUND: Inflammations are the crucial pathogenesis of chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVES: The timeline of cardiovascular and renal complications of T2DM and whether soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNFR1) levels predict cardiorenal outcomes were still elusive. DESIGN: Prospectively observational study. METHODS: Chinese patients with T2DM were enrolled. Cardiorenal composite events defined by either cardiovascular composite events (all-cause mortality, acute coronary syndrome, or non-fatal stroke) or renal composite events (a decline of >30% of renal function or worsening status of albuminuria) were followed...

Scar development in the children's renal cortex with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most important parameters of prognosis. It can develop regardless of the chosen treatment, even after the regression of VUR. The shape of the renal papillae, the ascending urinary tract infection, the greater than third-degree VUR, and finally the increased intra-calyceal pressure, induce the formation of renal scarring in the renal parenchyma. Renal scarring may complicate VUR independently of the therapeutic strategy (conservative or operative) and its regression...

OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to assess the utility of urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (uNAG) as a prognostic biomarker for nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The search for relevant studies was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL, IBECS, and gray literature. We employed a random effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval. Furthermore, we assessed heterogeneity using Cochrane's Q test and Higgins' I2 statistics...

Objective: To systematically evaluate the correlation between urinary vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) and diabetic kidney disease and to evaluate the relationship between urinary VDBP and the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), renal function indicators [estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine (CR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN)] and glycaemic control indices [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG)]. Methods: We searched the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases up to May 31, 2023, for relevant literature...

Chemical modifications are a specific and efficient way to regulate the function of biological macromolecules. Among them, RNA molecules exhibit a variety of modifications that play important regulatory roles in various biological processes. More than 170 modifications have been identified in RNA molecules, among which the most common internal modifications include N6-methyladenine (m6 A), n1-methyladenosine (m1 A), 5-methylcytosine (m5 C), and 7-methylguanine nucleotide (m7 G). The most widely affected RNA modification is m6 A, whose writers, readers, and erasers all have regulatory effects on RNA localization, splicing, translation, and degradation...

OBJECTIVE: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most severe chronic complication of diabetes, and is associated with higher level of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic potential of combined detection of multiple serum AGEs in diagnosing DKD. METHODS: Serum AGEs, Nε -(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML), Nε -(carboxyethyl) lysine (CEL) and methylglyoxal (MGO) levels were measured by ELISA in 176 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D)...

Introduction There is a great clinical need for novel markers to predict kidney function decline in patients with type 2 diabetes. We explored the potential of post-translationally modified fetuin-A fragments in urine (uPTM-FetA) as such a marker. Methods We included patients with type 2 diabetes from two independent, non-overlapping prospective cohort studies. A cut-off for uPTM-FetA, measured via ELISA method, was determined using the Youden index in the primary cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes from Taiwan...

Uromodulin, also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein, represents the predominant urinary protein in healthy individuals. Over the years, studies have revealed compelling associations between urinary and serum concentrations of uromodulin and various parameters, encompassing kidney function, graft survival, cardiovascular disease, glucose metabolism, and overall mortality. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in uromodulin as a novel and effective biomarker with potential applications in diverse clinical settings...