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RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Simon Gilbody, Emily Peckham, Della Bailey, Catherine Arundel, Paul Heron, Suzanne Crosland, Caroline Fairhurst, Catherine Hewitt, Jinshuo Li, Steve Parrott, Tim Bradshaw, Michelle Horspool, Elizabeth Hughes, Tom Hughes, Suzy Ker, Moira Leahy, Tayla McCloud, David Osborn, Joe Reilly, Thomas Steare, Emma Ballantyne, Polly Bidwell, Sue Bonner, Diane Brennan, Tracy Callen, Alex Carey, Charlotte Colbeck, Debbie Coton, Emma Donaldson, Kimberley Evans, Hannah Herlihy, Wajid Khan, Lizwi Nyathi, Elizabeth Nyamadzawo, Helen Oldknow, Peter Phiri, Shanaya Rathod, Jamie Rea, Crystal-Bella Romain-Hooper, Kaye Smith, Alison Stribling, Carinna Vickers
BACKGROUND: People with severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia are three times more likely to smoke than the wider population, contributing to widening health inequalities. Smoking remains the largest modifiable risk factor for this health inequality, but people with severe mental illness have not historically engaged with smoking cessation services. We aimed to test the effectiveness of a combined behavioural and pharmacological smoking cessation intervention targeted specifically at people with severe mental illness...
May 2019: Lancet Psychiatry
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Itai Danovitch, Brigitte Vanle, Nicole Van Groningen, Waguih Ishak, Teryl Nuckols
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the percentage of opioid overdose events among medical and surgical inpatient admissions, and to identify risk factors associated with these events. METHODS: We searched PubMed and CINAHL databases from inception through July 30, 2017 and identified additional studies from reference lists and other reviews. Articles were included if they reported original research on the rate of opioid overdoses or opioid-related adverse events, and the adverse events occurred in a general medical hospital during an inpatient stay...
April 2, 2019: Journal of Addiction Medicine
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dennis McCarty
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
August 2019: Addiction
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandra R D'Agostino, Sarah J Peterson, Gregory T Smith
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To determine whether transdiagnostic risk, represented as elevations in one high-risk personality trait, interacts with behavior-specific risk, represented as elevated expectancies for reinforcement from either drinking or smoking, to account partly for early adolescent drinking and smoking behavior. DESIGN: Multiple regression analysis. SETTING: Twenty-three public schools in two school systems in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 1897 adolescents tested in the spring of 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th grades...
July 2019: Addiction
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael Kidorf, Stephanie Salazzo, Robert K Brooner, Jessica Peirce, Jim Gandotra, Jeannie-Marie Leoutsakos
This study evaluates personality disorder as a moderator of psychiatric treatment response in people receiving methadone-assisted treatment. Participants (N = 125) were enrolled in a 12-week parent study that evaluated the impact of incentives on attendance to psychiatric care. All participants had a current DSM IV-R Axis I disorder and were classified based on presence of an Axis II disorder: Axis I-only (n = 46) versus Axis I + II (n = 79). All participants received an identical protocol of psychiatric and substance use disorder care...
March 28, 2019: Journal of Personality Disorders
#26
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Elizabeth A Evans, Yuhui Zhu, Caroline Yoo, David Huang, Yih-Ing Hser
AIMS: To compare long-term criminal justice outcomes among opioid-dependent individuals randomized to receive buprenorphine or methadone. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A 5-year follow-up was conducted in 2011-14 of 303 opioid-dependent participants entering three opioid treatment programs in California, USA in 2006-09 and randomized to receive either buprenorphine/naloxone or methadone. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Participants received buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP; n = 179) or methadone (MET; n = 124) for 24 weeks and then were tapered off their treatment over ≤ 8 weeks or referred for ongoing clinical treatment...
August 2019: Addiction
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
George R Uhl, George F Koob, Jennifer Cable
Substance and alcohol use disorders impose large health and economic burdens on individuals, families, communities, and society. Neither prevention nor treatment efforts are effective in all individuals. Results are often modest. Advances in neuroscience and addiction research have helped to describe the neurobiological changes that occur when a person transitions from recreational substance use to a substance use disorder or addiction. Understanding both the drivers and consequences of substance use in vulnerable populations, including those whose brains are still maturing, has revealed behavioral and biological characteristics that can increase risks of addiction...
September 2019: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brooke J Arterberry, Hayley Treloar Padovano, Katherine T Foster, Robert A Zucker, Brian M Hicks
OBJECTIVE: To determine if higher potency cannabis is associated with earlier progression to regular cannabis use, daily cannabis use, and cannabis use disorder symptom onset. METHODS: Data sources were the Michigan Longitudinal Study, an ongoing prospective, high-risk family study investigating the course and predictors for substance use disorders among youth beginning prior to school entry and time-parallel national average trends in delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (i...
February 1, 2019: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Deborah S Hasin, Dvora Shmulewitz, Aaron L Sarvet
BACKGROUND: Due to significant comorbidity and impairment associated with cannabis use and cannabis use disorder, understanding time trends in cannabis use and cannabis use disorder is an important public health priority. OBJECTIVES: To identify trends in cannabis use and cannabis use disorder overall, and by sociodemographic subgroup. METHODS: Narrative review of published findings on trends in cannabis use and cannabis use disorders in data from repeated cross-sectional US general population surveys...
March 14, 2019: American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
#30
EDITORIAL
Smoking Cannabis and Acquired Impairments in Cognition: Starting Early Seems Like a Really Bad Idea.
Philip D Harvey
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 1, 2019: American Journal of Psychiatry
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vincent Pascoli, Agnès Hiver, Ruud Van Zessen, Michaël Loureiro, Ridouane Achargui, Masaya Harada, Jérôme Flakowski, Christian Lüscher
Activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system reinforces goal-directed behaviours. With repetitive stimulation-for example, by chronic drug abuse-the reinforcement may become compulsive and intake continues even in the face of major negative consequences. Here we gave mice the opportunity to optogenetically self-stimulate dopaminergic neurons and observed that only a fraction of mice persevered if they had to endure an electric shock. Compulsive lever pressing was associated with an activity peak in the projection terminals from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) to the dorsal striatum...
December 2018: Nature
#32
COMMENT
Patricia Janak
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
December 2018: Nature
#33
EDITORIAL
Philip D Harvey
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
November 1, 2018: American Journal of Psychiatry
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa Caulley, Benjamin Caplan, Edgar Ross
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 379, Issue 16, Page 1575-1577, October 2018.
October 18, 2018: New England Journal of Medicine
#35
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Tracy L Simpson, Andrew J Saxon, Cynthia Stappenbeck, Carol A Malte, Robert Lyons, Dana Tell, Steven P Millard, Murray Raskind
OBJECTIVE: Current medications for alcohol use disorder do not target brain noradrenergic pathways. Theoretical and preclinical evidence suggests that noradrenergic circuits may be involved in alcohol reinforcement and relapse. After a positive pilot study, the authors tested the α-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin to treat alcohol use disorder in a larger sample. METHOD: Ninety-two participants with alcohol use disorder but without posttraumatic stress disorder were randomly assigned to receive prazosin or placebo in a 12-week double-blind study...
December 1, 2018: American Journal of Psychiatry
#36
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Barbara J Mason, Susan Quello, Vivian Goodell, Farhad Shadan, Mark Kyle, Adnan Begovic
IMPORTANCE: Approved medications for alcohol dependence are prescribed for less than 9% of US alcoholics. OBJECTIVE: To determine if gabapentin, a widely prescribed generic calcium channel/γ-aminobutyric acid-modulating medication, increases rates of sustained abstinence and no heavy drinking and decreases alcohol-related insomnia, dysphoria, and craving, in a dose-dependent manner. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: A 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized dose-ranging trial of 150 men and women older than 18 years with current alcohol dependence, conducted from 2004 through 2010 at a single-site, outpatient clinical research facility adjoining a general medical hospital...
January 2014: JAMA Internal Medicine
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Rickli, Evangelia Liakoni, Marius C Hoener, Matthias E Liechti
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Opioids may inhibit the 5-HT transporter (SERT) and the noradrenaline transporter (NET). NET inhibition may contribute to analgesia, and SERT inhibition or interactions with 5-HT receptors may cause serotonergic toxicity. However, the effects of different opioids on the human SERT, NET and 5-HT receptors have not been sufficiently studied. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We determined the potencies of different opioids to inhibit the SERT and NET in vitro using human transporter-transfected HEK293 cells...
February 2018: British Journal of Pharmacology
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angela M Wood, Stephen Kaptoge, Adam S Butterworth, Peter Willeit, Samantha Warnakula, Thomas Bolton, Ellie Paige, Dirk S Paul, Michael Sweeting, Stephen Burgess, Steven Bell, William Astle, David Stevens, Albert Koulman, Randi M Selmer, W M Monique Verschuren, Shinichi Sato, Inger Njølstad, Mark Woodward, Veikko Salomaa, Børge G Nordestgaard, Bu B Yeap, Astrid Fletcher, Olle Melander, Lewis H Kuller, Beverley Balkau, Michael Marmot, Wolfgang Koenig, Edoardo Casiglia, Cyrus Cooper, Volker Arndt, Oscar H Franco, Patrik Wennberg, John Gallacher, Agustín Gómez de la Cámara, Henry Völzke, Christina C Dahm, Caroline E Dale, Manuela M Bergmann, Carlos J Crespo, Yvonne T van der Schouw, Rudolf Kaaks, Leon A Simons, Pagona Lagiou, Josje D Schoufour, Jolanda M A Boer, Timothy J Key, Beatriz Rodriguez, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, Karina W Davidson, James O Taylor, Carlotta Sacerdote, Robert B Wallace, J Ramon Quiros, Rosario Tumino, Dan G Blazer, Allan Linneberg, Makoto Daimon, Salvatore Panico, Barbara Howard, Guri Skeie, Timo Strandberg, Elisabete Weiderpass, Paul J Nietert, Bruce M Psaty, Daan Kromhout, Elena Salamanca-Fernandez, Stefan Kiechl, Harlan M Krumholz, Sara Grioni, Domenico Palli, José M Huerta, Jackie Price, Johan Sundström, Larraitz Arriola, Hisatomi Arima, Ruth C Travis, Demosthenes B Panagiotakos, Anna Karakatsani, Antonia Trichopoulou, Tilman Kühn, Diederick E Grobbee, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Natasja van Schoor, Heiner Boeing, Kim Overvad, Jussi Kauhanen, Nick Wareham, Claudia Langenberg, Nita Forouhi, Maria Wennberg, Jean-Pierre Després, Mary Cushman, Jackie A Cooper, Carlos J Rodriguez, Masaru Sakurai, Jonathan E Shaw, Matthew Knuiman, Trudy Voortman, Christa Meisinger, Anne Tjønneland, Hermann Brenner, Luigi Palmieri, Jean Dallongeville, Eric J Brunner, Gerd Assmann, Maurizio Trevisan, Richard F Gillum, Ian Ford, Naveed Sattar, Mariana Lazo, Simon G Thompson, Pietro Ferrari, David A Leon, George Davey Smith, Richard Peto, Rod Jackson, Emily Banks, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, John Danesh
BACKGROUND: Low-risk limits recommended for alcohol consumption vary substantially across different national guidelines. To define thresholds associated with lowest risk for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease, we studied individual-participant data from 599 912 current drinkers without previous cardiovascular disease. METHODS: We did a combined analysis of individual-participant data from three large-scale data sources in 19 high-income countries (the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD, and the UK Biobank)...
April 14, 2018: Lancet
#39
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Katie Witkiewitz, Daniel E Falk, Henry R Kranzler, Raye Z Litten, Kevin A Hallgren, Stephanie S O'Malley, Raymond F Anton
BACKGROUND: Attrition is common in alcohol clinical trials and the resultant loss of data represents an important methodological problem. In the absence of a simulation study, the drinking outcomes among those who are lost to follow-up are not known. Individuals who drop out of treatment and continue to provide drinking data, however, may be a reasonable proxy group for making inferences about the drinking outcomes of those lost to follow-up. METHODS: We used data from the COMBINE study, a multisite, randomized clinical trial, to examine drinking during the 4 months of treatment among individuals who dropped out of treatment but continued to provide drinking data (i...
November 2014: Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research
#40
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Raymond F Anton, Stephanie S O'Malley, Domenic A Ciraulo, Ron A Cisler, David Couper, Dennis M Donovan, David R Gastfriend, James D Hosking, Bankole A Johnson, Joseph S LoCastro, Richard Longabaugh, Barbara J Mason, Margaret E Mattson, William R Miller, Helen M Pettinati, Carrie L Randall, Robert Swift, Roger D Weiss, Lauren D Williams, Allen Zweben
CONTEXT: Alcohol dependence treatment may include medications, behavioral therapies, or both. It is unknown how combining these treatments may impact their effectiveness, especially in the context of primary care and other nonspecialty settings. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of medication, behavioral therapies, and their combinations for treatment of alcohol dependence and to evaluate placebo effect on overall outcome. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized controlled trial conducted January 2001-January 2004 among 1383 recently alcohol-abstinent volunteers (median age, 44 years) from 11 US academic sites with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnoses of primary alcohol dependence...
May 3, 2006: JAMA
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