collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27560446/mechanisms-by-which-cocoa-flavanols-improve-metabolic-syndrome-and-related-disorders
#21
REVIEW
Karen M Strat, Thomas J Rowley, Andrew T Smithson, Jeffery S Tessem, Matthew W Hulver, Dongmin Liu, Brenda M Davy, Kevin P Davy, Andrew P Neilson
Dietary administration of cocoa flavanols may be an effective complementary strategy for alleviation or prevention of metabolic syndrome, particularly glucose intolerance. The complex flavanol composition of cocoa provides the ability to interact with a variety of molecules, thus allowing numerous opportunities to ameliorate metabolic diseases. These interactions likely occur primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, where native cocoa flavanol concentration is high. Flavanols may antagonize digestive enzymes and glucose transporters, causing a reduction in glucose excursion, which helps patients with metabolic disorders maintain glucose homeostasis...
September 2016: Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24681572/nitrate-supplementation-enhances-the-contractile-properties-of-human-skeletal-muscle
#22
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Georg Haider, Jonathan P Folland
PURPOSE: Dietary nitrate supplementation positively affects cardiovascular function at rest and energy metabolism during exercise in humans and has recently also been reported to markedly enhance the in vitro contractile properties of mouse fast-twitch muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term nitrate supplementation on the in vivo contractile properties of the skeletal muscle and voluntary muscle function of humans. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, 19 healthy untrained men (21 ± 3 yr) ingested a nitrate-rich concentrated beetroot juice (NIT; nitrate dosage, approximately 9...
December 2014: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26497149/can-doping-be-a-good-thing-using-psychoactive-drugs-to-facilitate-physical-activity-behaviour
#23
REVIEW
Samuele Marcora
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 2016: Sports Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27432852/the-female-athlete-triad
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amanda K Weiss Kelly, Suzanne Hecht
The number of girls participating in sports has increased significantly since the introduction of Title XI in 1972. As a result, more girls have been able to experience the social, educational, and health-related benefits of sports participation. However, there are risks associated with sports participation, including the female athlete triad. The triad was originally recognized as the interrelationship of amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and disordered eating, but our understanding has evolved to recognize that each of the components of the triad exists on a spectrum from optimal health to disease...
August 2016: Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27466609/serum-zinc-is-a-major-predictor-of-anemia-and-mediates-the-effect-of-selenium-on-hemoglobin-in-school-aged-children-in-a-nationally-representative-survey-in-new-zealand
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa A Houghton, Winsome R Parnell, Christine D Thomson, Timothy J Green, Rosalind S Gibson
BACKGROUND: Zinc, selenium, and vitamin D status of New Zealand (NZ) school-aged children was examined in a national survey in 2002. To our knowledge, however, the role of these micronutrients as predictors of hemoglobin has not been explored despite plausible mechanisms for such relations. OBJECTIVE: We examined the relations of iron, zinc, selenium, and vitamin D status with hemoglobin and anemia in children of New Zealand European and other (NZEO) ethnicity enrolled in the 2002 Children's Nutrition Survey and explored whether zinc mediated the relation between selenium and hemoglobin...
September 2016: Journal of Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27065833/bread-and-other-edible-agents-of-mental-disease
#26
REVIEW
Paola Bressan, Peter Kramer
Perhaps because gastroenterology, immunology, toxicology, and the nutrition and agricultural sciences are outside of their competence and responsibility, psychologists and psychiatrists typically fail to appreciate the impact that food can have on their patients' condition. Here we attempt to help correct this situation by reviewing, in non-technical, plain English, how cereal grains-the world's most abundant food source-can affect human behavior and mental health. We present the implications for the psychological sciences of the findings that, in all of us, bread (1) makes the gut more permeable and can thus encourage the migration of food particles to sites where they are not expected, prompting the immune system to attack both these particles and brain-relevant substances that resemble them, and (2) releases opioid-like compounds, capable of causing mental derangement if they make it to the brain...
2016: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26408108/how-we-diagnose-and-treat-iron-deficiency-anemia
#27
REVIEW
Michael Auerbach, John W Adamson
It is estimated that one-third of the world's population is anemic, the majority being due to iron deficiency (ID). In adults, ID is associated with fatigue in the absence of anemia, restless legs syndrome, pica and, in neonates, delayed growth and development. In adolescents, ID is associated with decrements in learning and behavioral abnormalities. In the absence of a clear cause, search for a source of bleeding is indicated. No single test is diagnostic of ID unless the serum ferritin is low or the percent transferrin saturation is low with an elevated total iron binding capacity...
January 2016: American Journal of Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27138598/strategies-for-the-assessment-of-metabolic-profiles-of-steroid-hormones-in-view-of-diagnostics-and-drug-monitoring-analytical-problems-and-challenges
#28
REVIEW
Alina Plenis, Ilona Oledzka, Piotr Kowalski, Tomasz Baczek
BACKGROUND: During the last few years there has been a growing interest in research focused on the metabolism of steroid hormones despite that the study of metabolic hormone pathways is still a difficult and demanding task because of low steroid concentrations and a complexity of the analysed matrices. Thus, there has been an increasing interest in the development of new, more selective and sensitive methods for monitoring these compounds in biological samples. METHODS: A lot of bibliographic databases for world research literature were structurally searched using selected review question and inclusion/exclusion criteria...
2016: Current Drug Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26553492/nutritional-support-for-exercise-induced-injuries
#29
REVIEW
Kevin D Tipton
Nutrition is one method to counter the negative impact of an exercise-induced injury. Deficiencies of energy, protein and other nutrients should be avoided. Claims for the effectiveness of many other nutrients following injuries are rampant, but the evidence is equivocal. The results of an exercise-induced injury may vary widely depending on the nature of the injury and severity. Injuries typically result in cessation, or at least a reduction, in participation in sport and decreased physical activity. Limb immobility may be necessary with some injuries, contributing to reduced activity and training...
November 2015: Sports Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26457726/recent-insight-in-the-pathophysiology-of-coeliac-disease-relevance-to-rheumatoid-arthritis
#30
REVIEW
Frits Koning
Coeliac disease (CD) is a T cell mediated inflammatory disorder of the small intestine that affects approximately 1% of the population (1, 2). CD is triggered by gluten ingestion, proteins found in wheat, barley and rye. CD4(+) T cells specific for post-translationally modified gluten peptides bound to the disease-predisposing HLA-DQ2 or HLADQ8 molecules are typically found in patients with CD, explaining the strong association between these HLA-alleles and the occurrence of CD (1, 2). In addition, antibodies specific for modified gluten are also present in patients with CD, implying a role for B to T cell presentation (1)...
July 2015: Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26316828/role-of-nutrition-in-performance-enhancement-and-postexercise-recovery
#31
REVIEW
Kathryn L Beck, Jasmine S Thomson, Richard J Swift, Pamela R von Hurst
A number of factors contribute to success in sport, and diet is a key component. An athlete's dietary requirements depend on several aspects, including the sport, the athlete's goals, the environment, and practical issues. The importance of individualized dietary advice has been increasingly recognized, including day-to-day dietary advice and specific advice before, during, and after training and/or competition. Athletes use a range of dietary strategies to improve performance, with maximizing glycogen stores a key strategy for many...
2015: Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25646324/a-high-whey-protein-leucine-and-vitamin-d-enriched-supplement-preserves-muscle-mass-during-intentional-weight-loss-in-obese-older-adults-a-double-blind-randomized-controlled-trial
#32
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Amely M Verreijen, Sjors Verlaan, Mariëlle F Engberink, Sophie Swinkels, Johan de Vogel-van den Bosch, Peter J M Weijs
BACKGROUND: Intentional weight loss in obese older adults is a risk factor for muscle loss and sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the effect of a high whey protein-, leucine-, and vitamin D-enriched supplement on muscle mass preservation during intentional weight loss in obese older adults. DESIGN: We included 80 obese older adults in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. During a 13-wk weight loss program, all subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (-600 kcal/d) and performed resistance training 3×/wk...
February 2015: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25355190/muscle-energetics-during-explosive-activities-and-potential-effects-of-nutrition-and-training
#33
REVIEW
Kent Sahlin
The high-energy demand during high-intensity exercise (HIE) necessitates that anaerobic processes cover an extensive part of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) requirement. Anaerobic energy release results in depletion of phosphocreatine (PCr) and accumulation of lactic acid, which set an upper limit of anaerobic ATP production and thus HIE performance. This report focuses on the effects of training and ergogenic supplements on muscle energetics and HIE performance. Anaerobic capacity (i.e. the amount of ATP that can be produced) is determined by the muscle content of PCr, the buffer capacity and the volume of the contracting muscle mass...
November 2014: Sports Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25904145/it-is-time-to-bust-the-myth-of-physical-inactivity-and-obesity-you-cannot-outrun-a-bad-diet
#34
EDITORIAL
A Malhotra, T Noakes, S Phinney
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
August 2015: British Journal of Sports Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25287761/dietary-carbohydrate-restriction-as-the-first-approach-in-diabetes-management-critical-review-and-evidence-base
#35
REVIEW
Richard D Feinman, Wendy K Pogozelski, Arne Astrup, Richard K Bernstein, Eugene J Fine, Eric C Westman, Anthony Accurso, Lynda Frassetto, Barbara A Gower, Samy I McFarlane, Jörgen Vesti Nielsen, Thure Krarup, Laura Saslow, Karl S Roth, Mary C Vernon, Jeff S Volek, Gilbert B Wilshire, Annika Dahlqvist, Ralf Sundberg, Ann Childers, Katharine Morrison, Anssi H Manninen, Hussain M Dashti, Richard J Wood, Jay Wortman, Nicolai Worm
The inability of current recommendations to control the epidemic of diabetes, the specific failure of the prevailing low-fat diets to improve obesity, cardiovascular risk, or general health and the persistent reports of some serious side effects of commonly prescribed diabetic medications, in combination with the continued success of low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome without significant side effects, point to the need for a reappraisal of dietary guidelines. The benefits of carbohydrate restriction in diabetes are immediate and well documented...
January 2015: Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25895695/consumption-of-thylakoid-rich-spinach-extract-reduces-hunger-increases-satiety-and-reduces-cravings-for-palatable-food-in-overweight-women
#36
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Eva-Lena Stenblom, Emil Egecioglu, Mona Landin-Olsson, Charlotte Erlanson-Albertsson
Green-plant membranes, thylakoids, have previously been found to increase postprandial release of the satiety hormone GLP-1, implicated in reward signaling. The purpose of this study was to investigate how treatment with a single dose of thylakoids before breakfast affects homeostatic as well as hedonic hunger, measured as wanting and liking for palatable food (VAS). We also examined whether treatment effects were correlated to scores for eating behavior. Compared to placebo, intake of thylakoids significantly reduced hunger (21% reduction, p < 0...
August 2015: Appetite
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25877495/brain-atrophy-in-cognitively-impaired-elderly-the-importance-of-long-chain-%C3%AF-3-fatty-acids-and-b-vitamin-status-in-a-randomized-controlled-trial
#37
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Fredrik Jernerén, Amany K Elshorbagy, Abderrahim Oulhaj, Stephen M Smith, Helga Refsum, A David Smith
BACKGROUND: Increased brain atrophy rates are common in older people with cognitive impairment, particularly in those who eventually convert to Alzheimer disease. Plasma concentrations of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids and homocysteine are associated with the development of brain atrophy and dementia. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether plasma ω-3 fatty acid concentrations (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) modify the treatment effect of homocysteine-lowering B vitamins on brain atrophy rates in a placebo-controlled trial (VITACOG)...
July 2015: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24864135/evidence-based-recommendations-for-natural-bodybuilding-contest-preparation-nutrition-and-supplementation
#38
REVIEW
Eric R Helms, Alan A Aragon, Peter J Fitschen
The popularity of natural bodybuilding is increasing; however, evidence-based recommendations for it are lacking. This paper reviewed the scientific literature relevant to competition preparation on nutrition and supplementation, resulting in the following recommendations. Caloric intake should be set at a level that results in bodyweight losses of approximately 0.5 to 1%/wk to maximize muscle retention. Within this caloric intake, most but not all bodybuilders will respond best to consuming 2.3-3.1 g/kg of lean body mass per day of protein, 15-30% of calories from fat, and the reminder of calories from carbohydrate...
2014: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22289911/muscle-protein-synthesis-in-response-to-nutrition-and-exercise
#39
REVIEW
P J Atherton, K Smith
Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) is the driving force behind adaptive responses to exercise and represents a widely adopted proxy for gauging chronic efficacy of acute interventions, (i.e. exercise/nutrition). Recent findings in this arena have been progressive. Nutrient-driven increases in MPS are of finite duration (∼1.5 h), switching off thereafter despite sustained amino acid availability and intramuscular anabolic signalling. Intriguingly, this 'muscle-full set-point' is delayed by resistance exercise (RE) (i...
March 1, 2012: Journal of Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24595656/patients-who-avoid-wheat-and-gluten-is-that-health-or-lifestyle
#40
EDITORIAL
Imran Aziz, David S Sanders
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
June 2014: Digestive Diseases and Sciences
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