collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25727529/medications-for-first-episode-psychosis-making-a-good-start
#21
EDITORIAL
Lisa B Dixon, T Scott Stroup
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 1, 2015: American Journal of Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23591126/%C3%A2-meta-guidelines%C3%A2-for-the-management-of-patients-with-schizophrenia
#22
REVIEW
Stephen M Stahl, Debbi A Morrissette, Leslie Citrome, Stephen R Saklad, Michael A Cummings, Jonathan M Meyer, Jennifer A O'Day, Laura J Dardashti, Katherine D Warburton
Guidelines for treating various conditions can be helpful in setting practice standards, but the presence of several sets of guidelines from different countries, experts, and settings, written at different times, can also create confusion. Here we provide a "guideline of guidelines" for the treatment of schizophrenia, or "meta-guidelines, which not only reconcile the various existing standards but also update them to include the use of several newer agents, most of which were marketed following the publication of existing standards...
June 2013: CNS Spectrums
https://read.qxmd.com/read/17015232/neurobiology-of-schizophrenia
#23
REVIEW
Christopher A Ross, Russell L Margolis, Sarah A J Reading, Mikhail Pletnikov, Joseph T Coyle
With its hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, and cognitive deficits, schizophrenia affects the most basic human processes of perception, emotion, and judgment. Evidence increasingly suggests that schizophrenia is a subtle disorder of brain development and plasticity. Genetic studies are beginning to identify proteins of candidate genetic risk factors for schizophrenia, including dysbindin, neuregulin 1, DAOA, COMT, and DISC1, and neurobiological studies of the normal and variant forms of these genes are now well justified...
October 5, 2006: Neuron
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25773225/neurology-issues-in-schizophrenia
#24
REVIEW
Katharina Hüfner, Beatrice Frajo-Apor, Alex Hofer
Schizophrenia ranks among the leading causes of disability worldwide. The presence of neurological signs co-occurring with the psychiatric symptoms is indicative of an organic brain pathology. In the present article, we review the current literature on neurology issues in schizophrenia. Firstly, common neurological signs found in patients with schizophrenia (neurological soft signs and smell abnormalities) and their association with imaging findings are reviewed. Secondly, the significant association of schizophrenia with epilepsy and stroke is described as well as the absent association with other organic brain diseases such as multiple sclerosis...
May 2015: Current Psychiatry Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25650686/suicide-in-schizophrenia-an-observational-study-of-coroner-records-in-toronto
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mark Sinyor, Ayal Schaffer, Gary Remington
OBJECTIVE: Suicide is an important cause of premature mortality in people suffering from schizophrenia. This study aimed to identify demographic, personal, and suicide-specific features that distinguish suicide in people with schizophrenia from those with another severe mental illness (bipolar disorder) and those with neither illness. METHOD: We conducted a coroner's chart review for 2,886 suicide victims in Toronto from 1998 to 2010. Diagnoses were made based on coroner interviews with available informants including family members, acquaintances, the deceased's physician(s) and/or review of medical records...
January 2015: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25768082/schizophrenia-when-clozapine-fails
#26
REVIEW
Seiya Miyamoto, Lars Fredrik Jarskog, W Wolfgang Fleischhacker
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the recent evidence for therapeutic strategies for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) not responding to or only partially responding to clozapine. RECENT FINDINGS: A number of pharmacological and nonpharmacological biological approaches for clozapine-resistant TRS have been evaluated in clinical trials. Among these, the evidence supporting clozapine augmentation by pharmacological approaches is weak and the reported benefits were modest at best...
May 2015: Current Opinion in Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25727538/iq-and-schizophrenia-in-a-swedish-national-sample-their-causal-relationship-and-the-interaction-of-iq-with-genetic-risk
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kenneth S Kendler, Henrik Ohlsson, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist
OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to clarify the relationship between IQ and subsequent risk for schizophrenia. METHOD: IQ was assessed at ages 18-20 in 1,204,983 Swedish males born between 1951 and 1975. Schizophrenia was assessed by hospital diagnosis through 2010. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate future risk for schizophrenia in individuals as a function of their IQ score, and then stratified models using pairs of relatives were used to adjust for familial cluster...
March 1, 2015: American Journal of Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25271938/prefrontal-cortical-dendritic-spine-pathology-in-schizophrenia-and-bipolar-disorder
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Glenn T Konopaske, Nicholas Lange, Joseph T Coyle, Francine M Benes
IMPORTANCE: Prior studies have demonstrated reduced dendritic spine density in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in schizophrenia. However, it remains unclear how generalizable this finding is in schizophrenia and if it is seen in bipolar disorder, a historically distinct psychiatric condition. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether spine loss is present in the DLPFC of individuals with schizophrenia and individuals with bipolar disorder. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study used postmortem human brain tissue from individuals with schizophrenia (n=14), individuals with bipolar disorder (n=9), and unaffected control participants (n=19)...
December 1, 2014: JAMA Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25628048/is-schizophrenia-associated-with-an-increased-risk-of-chronic-kidney-disease-a-nationwide-matched-cohort-study
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nian-Sheng Tzeng, Yung-Ho Hsu, Shinn-Ying Ho, Yu-Ching Kuo, Hua-Chin Lee, Yun-Ju Yin, Hong-An Chen, Wen-Liang Chen, William Cheng-Chung Chu, Hui-Ling Huang
OBJECTIVE: The impact of schizophrenia on vital diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), has not as yet been verified. This study aims to establish whether there is an association between schizophrenia and CKD. DESIGN: A nationwide matched cohort study. SETTING: Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2338 patients with schizophrenia, and 7014 controls without schizophrenia (1:3), matched cohort for sex, age group, geography, urbanisation and monthly income, between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2007, based on the International Classifications of Disease Ninth Edition (ICD-9), Clinical Modification codes...
2015: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25588194/a-multimodal-analysis-of-antipsychotic-effects-on-brain-structure-and-function-in-first-episode-schizophrenia
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tyler A Lesh, Costin Tanase, Benjamin R Geib, Tara A Niendam, Jong H Yoon, Michael J Minzenberg, J Daniel Ragland, Marjorie Solomon, Cameron S Carter
IMPORTANCE: Recent data suggest that treatment with antipsychotics is associated with reductions in cortical gray matter in patients with schizophrenia. These findings have led to concerns about the effect of antipsychotic treatment on brain structure and function; however, no studies to date have measured cortical function directly in individuals with schizophrenia and shown antipsychotic-related reductions of gray matter. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of antipsychotics on brain structure and function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, using cortical thickness measurements and administration of the AX version of the Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging...
March 2015: JAMA Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25360245/the-role-of-long-acting-injectable-antipsychotics-in-schizophrenia-a-critical-appraisal
#31
REVIEW
Sofia Brissos, Miguel Ruiz Veguilla, David Taylor, Vicent Balanzá-Martinez
Despite their widespread use, long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics (APs) are often regarded with some negativity because of the assumption of punishment, control and insufficient evolution towards psychosocial development of patients. However, LAI APs have proved effective in schizophrenia and other severe psychotic disorders because they assure stable blood levels, leading to a reduction of the risk of relapse. Therapeutic opportunities have also arisen after introduction of newer, second-generation LAI APs in recent years...
October 2014: Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25330045/acupuncture-for-schizophrenia
#32
REVIEW
Xiaohong Shen, Jun Xia, Clive E Adams
BACKGROUND: Acupuncture, with many categories such as traditional acupuncture, electroacupuncture, laser acupuncture, and acupoint injection, has been shown to be relatively safe with few adverse effects. It is accessible and inexpensive, at least in China, and is likely to be widely used there for psychotic symptoms. OBJECTIVES: To review the effects of acupuncture, alone or in combination treatments compared with placebo (or no treatment) or any other treatments for people with schizophrenia or related psychoses...
October 20, 2014: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25314586/cannabis-and-schizophrenia
#33
REVIEW
Benjamin C McLoughlin, Jonathan A Pushpa-Rajah, Donna Gillies, John Rathbone, Hannele Variend, Eliana Kalakouti, Katerina Kyprianou
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a mental illness causing disordered beliefs, ideas and sensations. Many people with schizophrenia smoke cannabis, and it is unclear why a large proportion do so and if the effects are harmful or beneficial. It is also unclear what the best method is to allow people with schizophrenia to alter their cannabis intake. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of specific psychological treatments for cannabis reduction in people with schizophrenia...
October 14, 2014: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25267895/antipsychotic-combinations-for-schizophrenia
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicola Maayan, Karla Soares-Weiser, Jun Xia, Clive E Adams
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: The primary objectives of this review are to examine whether: Treatment with antipsychotic combinations is effective for schizophrenia; andTreatment with antipsychotic combinations is safe for the same illness.
2011: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25267890/interventions-for-obsessive-compulsive-symptoms-in-people-with-schizophrenia
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohan Raj, Saeed Farooq
UNLABELLED: This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: 1 PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate clinically meaningful benefits of interventions used to treat clinically significant obsessive compulsive symptoms occurring in people with schizophrenia with regard to global improvement, changes in mental state, hospitalisation, behaviour and functioning in the short term (less than six weeks), medium term (six weeks to six months) and long term (more than six months)...
2005: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25177834/flupenthixol-versus-low-potency-first-generation-antipsychotic-drugs-for-schizophrenia
#36
REVIEW
Magdolna Tardy, Markus Dold, Rolf R Engel, Stefan Leucht
BACKGROUND: Antipsychotic drugs are the core treatment for schizophrenia. Treatment guidelines state that there is no difference in efficacy between antipsychotic drugs, however, low-potency antipsychotic drugs are sometimes perceived as less efficacious than high-potency compounds by clinicians, and they also seem to differ in their side effects. OBJECTIVES: To review the effects in clinical response of flupenthixol and low-potency antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia...
September 1, 2014: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25152434/genetic-risk-for-schizophrenia-convergence-on-synaptic-pathways-involved-in-plasticity
#37
REVIEW
Jeremy Hall, Simon Trent, Kerrie L Thomas, Michael C O'Donovan, Michael J Owen
Recent large-scale genomic studies have revealed two broad classes of risk alleles for schizophrenia: a polygenic component of risk mediated through multiple common risk variants and rarer more highly penetrant submicroscopic chromosomal deletions and duplications, known as copy number variants. The focus of this review is on the emerging findings from the latter and subsequent exome sequencing data of smaller, deleterious single nucleotide variants and indels. In these studies, schizophrenia patients were found to have enriched de novo mutations in genes belonging to the postsynaptic density at glutamatergic synapses, particularly components of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor signaling complex, including the PSD-95 complex, activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein interactors, the fragile X mental retardation protein complex, voltage-gated calcium channels, and genes implicated in actin cytoskeletal dynamics...
January 1, 2015: Biological Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25152432/neonatal-levels-of-inflammatory-markers-and-later-risk-of-schizophrenia
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Philip Rising Nielsen, Esben Agerbo, Kristin Skogstrand, David Michael Hougaard, Urs Meyer, Preben Bo Mortensen
BACKGROUND: There is a long-standing interest in investigating the impact of early-life immune abnormalities on later onset of psychosis. The aim of this study was to assess inflammatory marker levels in neonatal dried blood spots and their association with later risk of schizophrenia. METHODS: This nested case-control study included 995 cases and 980 control subjects. Cases were identified using the Danish Psychiatric Central Register. Control subjects of same age and sex were identified using the Danish Civil Registration System...
March 15, 2015: Biological Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25124519/neuroimmune-biomarkers-in-schizophrenia
#39
REVIEW
Jakub Tomasik, Hassan Rahmoune, Paul C Guest, Sabine Bahn
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical and biological manifestations. Due to the lack of objective tests, the accurate diagnosis and selection of effective treatments for schizophrenia remains challenging. Numerous technologies have been employed in search of schizophrenia biomarkers. These studies have suggested that neuroinflammatory processes may play a role in schizophrenia pathogenesis, at least in a subgroup of patients. The evidence indicates alterations in both pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules in the central nervous system, which have also been found in peripheral tissues and may correlate with schizophrenia symptoms...
September 2016: Schizophrenia Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25093480/the-glutamate-hypothesis-of-schizophrenia
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan M Meyer
Recent research into the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia has led to moving beyond the dopamine dysfunction hypothesis-which involves an overstimulation of dopaminergic D2 receptors in certain parts of the brain, leading to hallucinations, delusions, and other symptoms of the disorder-to potentially targeting other neurotransmitter systems to enhance the therapeutic response. The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia posits that the disorder may be at least partially caused by deficient activity at glutamate synapses, which may in turn account for negative and cognitive symptoms...
July 2014: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
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