Gen surg

BACKGROUND: Colon cancer nomogram designed by Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) is an online prediction tool to predict overall survival for individual patient after curative resection. However, this model was never externally validated. We evaluated the accuracy of this nomogram in an independent external Chinese cohort. METHODS: Clinical data from 1005 patients who underwent primary curative-intent surgery at Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute between 1996 and 2008 were used for external validation...

BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a lack of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression and HER-2 gene amplification. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be identified in 25 % of nonmetastatic breast cancer patients, and the identification of ≥1 CTC predicts outcome. This study was designed to determine whether CTCs present after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) predicted worse outcome in nonmetastatic TNBC patients. METHODS: CTCs were assessed in 57 TNBC patients with nonmetastatic TNBC after the completion of NACT...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the long-term outcomes of diverticulitis and to apply the findings to current practice patterns. BACKGROUND: The long-term morbidity and mortality of diverticulitis are not well defined. Current practice guidelines for diverticulitis are based on limited evidence. METHODS: The California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database was queried for longitudinal observations across all hospitals from 1995 to 2009...

IMPORTANCE: Diverticulitis is a common disease. Recent changes in understanding its natural history have substantially modified treatment paradigms. OBJECTIVE: To review the etiology and natural history of diverticulitis and recent changes in treatment guidelines. EVIDENCE REVIEW: We searched the MEDLINE and Cochrane databases for English-language articles pertaining to diagnosis and management of diverticulitis published between January 1, 2000, and March 31, 2013...

BACKGROUND: Acute lung injury following trauma remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Although multiple trauma studies have used hypoxemia without radiographic adjudication as a surrogate for identifying adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) cases, the differences between patients with hypoxemia alone and those with radiographically confirmed ARDS are not well described in the literature. We hypothesized that nonhypoxemic, hypoxemic, and ARDS patients represent distinct groups with unique characteristics and predictors...

BACKGROUND: Concomitant lung/brain traumatic injury results in significant morbidity and mortality. Lung protective ventilation (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network [ARDSNet]) has become the standard for managing adult respiratory distress syndrome; however, the resulting permissive hypercapnea may compound traumatic brain injury. Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) offers an alternative strategy for the management of this patient population. APRV was hypothesized to retard the progression of acute lung/brain injury to a degree greater than ARDSNet in a swine model...

BACKGROUND: The care of mechanically ventilated patients at high-volume centers in select nontrauma populations has variable effects on outcomes. We evaluated outcomes for trauma patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). We further hypothesized that the higher mechanical ventilator volume trauma center would have better outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective review of a county's trauma registry was performed for trauma patients who were at least 18 years old admitted from 2006 to 2010...

BACKGROUND: Component balanced resuscitation and avoidance of crystalloids in traumatically injured adults requiring massive transfusion are beneficial. Evidence for children is lacking. METHODS: After institutional review board approval was obtained, the Department of Defense Trauma Database identified 1,311 injured children 14 years or younger requiring transfusion after an injury and admitted to a deployed US military hospital from 2002 to 2012. Logistic regression determined risk factors for high-volume (≥40 mL/kg) or massive (≥70 mL/kg) transfusions...

BACKGROUND: Undertriage is a concern in geriatric patients. The National Trauma Triage Protocol (NTTP) recognized that systolic blood pressure (SBP) less than 110 mm Hg may represent shock in those older than 65 years. The objective was to evaluate the impact of substituting an SBP of less than 110 mm Hg for the current SBP of less than 90 mm Hg criterion within the NTTP on triage performance and mortality. METHODS: Subjects undergoing scene transport in the National Trauma Data Bank (2010-2012) were included...

BACKGROUND: Tube thoracostomy is a common procedure used in the management of thoracic trauma. Traditional teaching suggests that chest tubes should be directed in specific locations to improve function. Common examples include anterior and superior placement for pneumothorax, inferior and posterior placement for hemothorax, and avoidance of the pulmonary fissure. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of specific chest tube position on subsequent chest tube function. METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients undergoing tube thoracostomy for trauma from January 1, 2010, to September 30, 2012, was performed...

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BACKGROUND: Hospital readmissions are an increasing focus of health care policy. This study explores the association between 30-day readmissions and 30-day mortality for surgical procedures. STUDY DESIGN: California longitudinal statewide data from 1995 to 2009 were analyzed for 7 complex procedures: abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, aortic valve replacement, bariatric surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting, esophagectomy, pancreatectomy, and percutaneous coronary intervention...