NSAID

The combination of dabrafenib and trametinib (CombiDT) is an effective treatment for BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma; however, over 70% of patients develop drug-related pyrexia, and little is known about this toxicity. We sought to examine the features and management of CombiDT pyrexia. The association between pyrexia and patient demographics, disease characteristics and outcome variables was assessed in patients treated with CombiDT at a single institution. The clinicopathological features of pyrexic events were analysed...

BACKGROUND: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the result of infection ascending through the endocervix to the uterus and fallopian tubes. Inflammation driven by infected host cells appears to be central to the development of tissue damage and associated reproductive complications. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) therefore have the potential to reduce the sequelae associated with pelvic infection. METHODS: A search of four electronic reference databases, an internet search for relevant grey literature and a review of the bibliographies of identified publications was used to identify studies evaluating NSAIDs in the management of PID...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: NSAIDs, such as diclofenac, are the most commonly used medications to treat osteoarthritis (OA), but they are associated with dose-related adverse events (AEs). Low-dose submicron diclofenac was developed using a new, proprietary dry milling process that creates submicron drug particles (SoluMatrix Fine Particle Technology * ), enabling effective treatment at lower doses than other commercially available diclofenac drug products. This phase 3 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose submicron diclofenac 35 mg three times daily (tid) and twice daily (bid) in patients with OA pain...

BACKGROUND: The aetiology for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced small intestinal injuries has not been well characterised. AIM: To determine the risk factors of symptomatic NSAID-induced small intestinal injuries, including diaphragm disease. METHODS: Of the 1262 symptomatic patients who underwent videocapsule endoscopy and/or double-balloon enteroscopy, 156 consecutive patients were verified as having taken NSAIDs. Their CYP2C9*2, *3 and *13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined by allelic discrimination with Taqman 5'-nuclease assays...

AIM: In recent years, microscopic colitis has been increasingly diagnosed. This review was carried out to evaluate demographic factors for microscopic colitis and to perform a systematic assessment of available treatment options. METHOD: Relevant publications up to December 2013 were identified following searches of PubMed and Google Scholar using the key words 'microscopic colitis', 'collagenous colitis' and 'lymphocytic colitis'. Two-hundred and forty-eight articles were identified...

INTRODUCTION: It is well established that postoperative pain has far reaching effects on patient physiology and length of stay. However, recent CMS initiatives such as the HCAHP survey have forced hospitals and neurosurgery departments to improve postoperative pain control. METHODS: A prospective quality improvement trial with a time series design was performed among postoperative neurosurgical patients at a large tertiary academic center. The Multimodal Pain Initiative (MMPI) consisted of improved preoperative documentation of risk factors for postoperative pain, standardization of intraoperative analgesia, improved recognition of postoperative pain by floor nurses, and development of a standardized pain management protocol...

OBJECTIVES: Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Numerous studies have shown that administered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce the incidence of acute pancreatitis after ERCP. Little is known, however, about the mechanism of NSAIDs in preventing pancreatitis (PEP). METHODS: In this study, we assigned patients to receive a single dose of intramuscular diclofenac 75 mg immediately after ERCP (diclofenac group) or without (control group)...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the drugs most commonly involved in hypersensitivity drug reactions. Such reactions can be due to the release of inflammatory mediators in the absence of specific immunologic recognition, or immunoglobulin E (IgE)- or T-cell-selective responses. The former include upper and lower airway symptoms in patients with chronic underlying respiratory disease, the exacerbation of chronic spontaneous urticaria, and the induction of cutaneous symptoms. The latter include selective responses to a single NSAID with good tolerance to strong cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors, with a putative IgE or T-cell mechanism proposed...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: The association between nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prostate cancer risk remains controversial. We examined the risk among NSAID users in 78 615 men in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial. METHODS: We obtained information on NSAID prescription usage from Finnish nationwide prescription database and on over-the-counter use by a questionnaire. Prostate cancer cases were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. RESULTS: Prostate cancer risk was elevated among current NSAID prescription users irrespective of screening (hazard ratio (HR)=1...

OBJECTIVE: Studies using animal models are important in drug development, but often poorly predict treatment results in man. We investigated factors that may impact on the magnitude of the analgesic treatment effect in animal models of osteoarthritis (OA) pain. DESIGN: Systematic review of studies that measured behavioural pain outcomes in small animal models of OA, and tested drugs which reduce OA pain in man. Standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects meta-analysis for selected models and drugs...

BACKGROUND: Conclusive data about cardiovascular toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are sparse. We hypothesized that regular NSAID use is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women, and that this association is stronger with greater cyclooxygenase (cox)-2 when compared with cox-1 inhibition. METHODS AND RESULTS: Postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative were classified as regular users or nonusers of nonaspirin NSAIDs...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Drug provocation tests (DPTs) are the gold standard in diagnosing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) hypersensitivity; however, only few data about follow-up of patients with negative DPTs are actually available. The aim of this study was to assess patients' behavior in taking NSAIDs again and to evaluate NSAID tolerability after negative allergological workup. This is a follow-up study involving patients evaluated for history of cutaneous reactions (urticaria and or angioedema) after NSAID intake and with negative DPTs with the suspected NSAID...

Chronic inflammation is associated with increased risk of multiple cancers, including breast cancer. Adipose tissues produce proinflammatory cytokines, and obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. We evaluated the association of regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with breast cancer risk, overall and by body mass index (BMI) and tumor subtypes defined by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. We conducted a population-based, case-control study involving 5,078 women aged 25-75 years who were recruited primarily from the Nashville metropolitan area of Tennessee...

BACKGROUND: The public health burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease is a national priority and is the subject of recent guidelines. In the UK, ethnic minority groups are over-represented in the renal replacement population (17.8%) compared with the white population (11%). AIM: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a preventable cause of renal damage. Previous studies suggest a prescribing prevalence between 9% and 36% among those with CKD, but have not examined differences by ethnic group...

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic actions and recently for cancer prevention, but they carries a risk of major gastroduodenal damages from symptomatic ulcers to serious complications leading to fatal outcomes. Therefore, the novel strategies to rescue long-term NSAID requiring patients from NSAID-associated gastroduodenal damages are essential. Besides of current drugs based on classic damaging mechanisms attributable to the decline of gastric mucosal prostaglandin synthesis, reductions of mucosal blood flow, attenuated bicarbonate secretion and mucus synthesis related with prostaglandin levels, effective therapeutics targeted for update mechanisms of NSAID-induced gastroduodenal damages are introduced in this paper based on recent advances in basic science and biotechnology exploring deeper molecular mechanisms of NSAID-induced gastroduodenal damage beyond COX inhibition...

PURPOSE: Annually, approximately 90 million prescriptions are filled for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with the number prescribed for older adults approximately three times higher than for younger adults. This article examines the benefits and risk of NSAID use in older adults. DATA SOURCES: Electronic data collection of research studies, evidence-based reviews, consensus statements, and guidelines related to the purpose of this article were analyzed if published between 2000 and 2013 in English from Ovid, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases...

OBJECTIVE: In order to evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics of diuretics associated acute kidney injury (AKI) and its management. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study including 131 cases that diagnosed as diuretics associated AKI from 1 January 1999 to 1 January 2010 in Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Drug applications and its related clinical, laboratory and histological data were collected. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 2:1...