Sports medicine

PURPOSE: Recent advances in diagnostic imaging techniques and soft tissue endoscopy now allow for precise diagnosis and management of extra-articular hip pathology. The aim of this scoping review is to present an evidence-based update of the relevant literature focussing only on the pathoanatomy, clinical assessment and the diagnosis of pathology in the peritrochanteric space. METHODS: A literature search was performed on PubMed to include articles which reported on the anatomy and diagnosis of greater trochanteric pain syndrome, trochanteric bursitis, gluteus medius tears and external snapping hip syndrome...

PURPOSE: The purposes of our study were to evaluate Achilles tendon loading profiles of various exercises and to develop guidelines to incrementally increase the rate and magnitude of Achilles tendon loading during rehabilitation. METHODS: Eight healthy young adults completed a battery of rehabilitation exercises. During each exercise, we collected three-dimensional motion capture and ground reaction force data to estimate Achilles tendon loading biomechanics. Using these loading estimates, we developed an exercise progression that incrementally increases Achilles tendon loading based on the magnitude, duration, and rate of tendon loading...

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STUDY DESIGN: Comprehensive review and meta-analysis. BACKGROUND: The recovery in rapid force production measured as the rate of force development (RFD) is not clear after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate (a) time-course change of between-limb asymmetries in isometric knee extension/flexion RFD in individuals post-ACLR and (b) differences in RFD between individuals post-ACLR and healthy controls. METHODS: A literature search of Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed-MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect identified 10 eligible studies (n = 246) assessing RFD after ACLR...

OBJECTIVES: To: (1) analyze the results of 5 years of preparticipation cardiac screening including 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletes; and (2) assess the rates of ECG screening abnormalities and false-positive rates among 3 ECG screening criteria. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I University. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand six hundred eighty-six first-year athletes presenting for their preparticipation examination including 12-lead resting ECG...

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of conventional (constant load) eccentric training and isokinetic eccentric training on quadriceps muscle mass, strength and functional performance in recreational athletes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS: Thirty recreational male athletes (25 years old) undergoing ACL reconstruction received a standard rehabilitation program. Volunteers were randomized to conventional group (CG; n = 15) or isokinetic group (IG; n = 15) to be engaged in a 6-week (2 sessions/week) quadriceps eccentric training program at the extensor chair or at the isokinetic dynamometer, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Many studies have investigated factors that predict a return to sport participation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, but it is unclear whether the same factors are associated with a return to preinjury level of sport performance. PURPOSE: To identify factors that contribute to an athlete's return to preinjury level of performance after ACL reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: A cohort of 222 patients (132 male, 90 female) who had ACL reconstruction surgery and completed a 12-month postoperative assessment were followed out to a mean 3 years (range, 2-4 years) to determine whether they had returned to their self-reported preinjury levels of sport performance...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of meniscocapsular junction tears of the medial meniscus posterior horn, known as ramp lesions , is reported to be 9.3% to 23.9%. However, these lesions are not consistently diagnosed with routine arthroscopic exploration and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PURPOSE: To determine risk factors associated with ramp lesions in anterior cruciate ligament-injured knees. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3...

OBJECTIVE: Examine the comfort and pain experienced with blow flow restriction resistance training (BFR-RT) compared to standard care heavy load resistance training (HL-RT) during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patient rehabilitation. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: United Kingdom National Health Service. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty eight patients undergoing unilateral ACLR surgery with hamstring autograft were recruited...

BACKGROUND: We implemented a blood flow restriction resistance training (BFR-RT) intervention during an 8-week rehabilitation programme in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients within a National Health Service setting. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of BFR-RT and standard-care traditional heavy-load resistance training (HL-RT) at improving skeletal muscle hypertrophy and strength, physical function, pain and effusion in ACLR patients following surgery...

Muscle coordination plays an important role in glenohumeral stability. The rotator cuff and the long head of the biceps are considered the primary dynamic stabilizers muscles. However, the fact that a subgroup of patients with a massive tear in the rotator cuff were able to keep a normal function, should make us question this traditional view. We hypothesize that the teres major which is also a monoarticular scapulohumeral muscle, although it is not part of the conjoined tendon of the rotator cuff, can play a role in glenohumeral stability by a direct support of the humeral head generated by the particular posteroanterior location of this muscle under the humeral head and which, as far as we know, has not been written up previously...

BACKGROUND: Knee brace has been commonly used as a device to protect the graft after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Studies have focused on the effects of braces after ACL reconstruction, and controversial results were reported. The current meta-analysis was conducted to identify whether knee braces could provide superior clinical outcomes on knee functional scores and stability evaluations. HYPOTHESIS: Knee braces could not provide superior clinical outcomes on knee functional scores and stability evaluations...

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Background: Outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are not uniformly good and are worse among young female athletes. Developing better rehabilitation and return-to-sport training programs and evaluating their outcomes are essential. Purpose: (1) Test the effect of strength, agility, plyometric, and secondary prevention (SAPP) exercises with and without perturbation training (SAPP + PERT) on strength, hops, function, activity levels, and return-to-sport rates in young female athletes 1 and 2 years after ACLR and (2) compare 2-year functional outcomes and activity levels among young female athletes in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Specialized Post-Operative Return-to-Sports (ACL-SPORTS) trial to homogeneous cohorts who completed criterion-based postoperative rehabilitation alone (Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network [MOON]) and in combination with extended preoperative rehabilitation (Delaware-Oslo)...

BACKGROUND: A return to running after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) is critical to the clinical success of any cutting and pivoting athlete who wishes to return to sport. Knowledge of specific alterations during running after ACL-R is required to optimise rehabilitation for improving outcomes and long-term disability. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review was to summarise kinematic, kinetic and muscle activation data during running after ACL-R and the intrinsic factors (e...

BACKGROUND: The training process and practice of orthopaedic surgery is demanding and arduous. Accordingly, grit, self-control, and conscientiousness are desirable qualities in orthopaedic surgeons. Some established orthopaedists have expressed concern that the future generation of surgeons may not possess the same level of grit as their predecessors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of grit among attending orthopaedic surgeons, identify predictors of grit in orthopaedic surgeons, and compare grit scores between attending surgeons and orthopaedic residency applicants...

PURPOSE: To assess the percentage of patients achieving symmetrical knee function 6 months after primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) and to identify factors affecting its achievement, in a large cohort. METHODS: Data were extracted from our clinic database. Patients who underwent primary ACLR from 2000 to 2015 and were assessed with the isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring muscles strength tests and single-leg-hop test at the 6-month follow-up were included in the study...

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to describe the typical duration of absence following the most common injury diagnoses in professional football. METHODS: Injuries were registered by medical staff members of football clubs participating in the Union of European Football Association Elite Club Injury Study. Duration of absence due to an injury was defined by the number of days that passed between the date of the injury occurrence and the date when the medical team allowed the player to return to full participation...

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