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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Toshio Maeda, Satomi Miki, Naoaki Morihara, Yoshiyuki Kagawa
Aged garlic extract (AGE) produced by the aging process has various beneficial pharmacological effects. In this study, the effects of AGE on fatty liver, insulin resistance and intestinal microbiota were compared between ddY-H mice, an insulin resistance mouse, and ddY-L mice, normal mice. Mice were fed an AGE-supplemented diet (4% w/w) for 7 weeks. The administration of AGE had no effect on the body weight and dietary intake of both types of mice. In the ddY-H mice, the serum levels of glucose and insulin were increased and glucose tolerance was impaired; however, the administration of AGE ameliorated these abnormal conditions...
July 2019: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James Casella-Mariolo, Lidia Castagneto-Gissey, Giulia Angelini, Andrea Zoli, Pierluigi Marini, Stefan R Bornstein, Dimitri J Pournaras, Francesco Rubino, Carel W le Roux, Geltrude Mingrone, Giovanni Casella
BACKGROUND: Gastric bypass surgery is a very effective treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, very few eligible patients are offered surgery. Some patients also prefer less invasive approaches. We aimed to study the effects of the Sleeveballoon - a new device combining an intragastric balloon with a connecting sleeve, which covers the duodenal and proximal jejunal mucosa - on insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, body weight and body fat distribution. METHODS: We compared the effects of Sleeveballoon, Roux-en-Y Gastric-Bypass (RYGB) and sham-operation in 30 high-fat diet (HFD) fed Wistar rats...
August 2019: EBioMedicine
#3
REVIEW
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani, Mina Amiri
CONTEXT: Despite the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among adolescent females, considering the paucity of data focusing on this group and controversies documented on its recognition and management, the purpose of this review was to summarize challenges and recommendations of diagnosis and treatment for adolescents with PCOS. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: This review summarizes papers documented on PCOS among adolescent females...
July 2019: International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Min-Hsiung Pan, Jin-Wun Chen, Zwe-Ling Kong, Jia-Ching Wu, Chi-Tang Ho, Ching-Shu Lai
Diet-induced obesity is strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate the in vivo therapeutic value of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) intervention in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFD for 10 weeks, and then they received 20 or 100 mg/kg THC along with the HFD for another 10 weeks. Mice fed an HFD for 20 weeks experienced obesity, hepatic steatosis, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) intervention for 10 weeks significantly reduced adiposity (epididymal-fat weights of 6...
December 5, 2018: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eman M Alissa, Layla S Alzughaibi, Zuhair M Marzouki
AIMS: The convergence of obesity and inflammation in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been recognized over the past decade. Resistin has emerged as a novel secreted protein with links to both insulin resistance and inflammation. We aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in serum resistin levels with metabolic parameters, including obesity and inflammatory markers in women free of CVD. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 200 apparently healthy women were consecutively recruited from the Out-patients Clinics at King Abdulaziz university Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia...
January 2019: Chemistry and Physics of Lipids
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Svea-Vivica Mathieu, Karina Fischer, Bess Dawson-Hughes, Gregor Freystaetter, Felix Beuschlein, Simeon Schietzel, Andreas Egli, Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
Obesity and sarcopenia are major causes of morbidity and mortality among seniors. Vitamin D deficiency is very common especially among seniors and has been associated with both muscle health and obesity. This study investigated if 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status is associated with body composition and insulin resistance using baseline data of a completed RCT among relatively healthy community-dwelling seniors (271 seniors age 60+ years undergoing elective surgery for unilateral total knee replacement due to osteoarthritis)...
November 25, 2018: Nutrients
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ashkan Afshin, Mohammad H Forouzanfar, Marissa B Reitsma, Patrick Sur, Kara Estep, Alex Lee, Laurie Marczak, Ali H Mokdad, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Mohsen Naghavi, Joseph S Salama, Theo Vos, Kalkidan H Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Muktar B Ahmed, Ziyad Al-Aly, Ala’a Alkerwi, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Azmeraw T Amare, Alemayehu Amberbir, Adeladza K Amegah, Erfan Amini, Stephen M Amrock, Ranjit M Anjana, Johan Ärnlöv, Hamid Asayesh, Amitava Banerjee, Aleksandra Barac, Estifanos Baye, Derrick A Bennett, Addisu S Beyene, Sibhatu Biadgilign, Stan Biryukov, Espen Bjertness, Dube J Boneya, Ismael Campos-Nonato, Juan J Carrero, Pedro Cecilio, Kelly Cercy, Liliana G Ciobanu, Leslie Cornaby, Solomon A Damtew, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Samath D Dharmaratne, Bruce B Duncan, Babak Eshrati, Alireza Esteghamati, Valery L Feigin, João C Fernandes, Thomas Fürst, Tsegaye T Gebrehiwot, Audra Gold, Philimon N Gona, Atsushi Goto, Tesfa D Habtewold, Kokeb T Hadush, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Simon I Hay, Masako Horino, Farhad Islami, Ritul Kamal, Amir Kasaeian, Srinivasa V Katikireddi, Andre P Kengne, Chandrasekharan N Kesavachandran, Yousef S Khader, Young-Ho Khang, Jagdish Khubchandani, Daniel Kim, Yun J Kim, Yohannes Kinfu, Soewarta Kosen, Tiffany Ku, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, G Anil Kumar, Heidi J Larson, Mall Leinsalu, Xiaofeng Liang, Stephen S Lim, Patrick Liu, Alan D Lopez, Rafael Lozano, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah C Malta, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, Stephen T McGarvey, Desalegn T Mengistu, George A Mensah, Gert B M Mensink, Haftay B Mezgebe, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Ulrich O Mueller, Jean J Noubiap, Carla M Obermeyer, Felix A Ogbo, Mayowa O Owolabi, George C Patton, Farshad Pourmalek, Mostafa Qorbani, Anwar Rafay, Rajesh K Rai, Chhabi L Ranabhat, Nikolas Reinig, Saeid Safiri, Joshua A Salomon, Juan R Sanabria, Itamar S Santos, Benn Sartorius, Monika Sawhney, Josef Schmidhuber, Aletta E Schutte, Maria I Schmidt, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Moretza Shamsizadeh, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Min-Jeong Shin, Rahman Shiri, Ivy Shiue, Hirbo S Roba, Diego A S Silva, Jonathan I Silverberg, Jasvinder A Singh, Saverio Stranges, Soumya Swaminathan, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Fentaw Tadese, Bemnet A Tedla, Balewgizie S Tegegne, Abdullah S Terkawi, J S Thakur, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topor-Madry, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Kingsley N Ukwaja, Olalekan A Uthman, Masoud Vaezghasemi, Tommi Vasankari, Vasiliy V Vlassov, Stein E Vollset, Elisabete Weiderpass, Andrea Werdecker, Joshua Wesana, Ronny Westerman, Yuichiro Yano, Naohiro Yonemoto, Gerald Yonga, Zoubida Zaidi, Zerihun M Zenebe, Ben Zipkin, Christopher J L Murray
BACKGROUND: Although the rising pandemic of obesity has received major attention in many countries, the effects of this attention on trends and the disease burden of obesity remain uncertain. METHODS: We analyzed data from 68.5 million persons to assess the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adults between 1980 and 2015. Using the Global Burden of Disease study data and methods, we also quantified the burden of disease related to high body-mass index (BMI), according to age, sex, cause, and BMI in 195 countries between 1990 and 2015...
July 6, 2017: New England Journal of Medicine
#8
REVIEW
Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis, Andrea Dunaif
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is now recognized as an important metabolic as well as reproductive disorder conferring substantially increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Affected women have marked insulin resistance, independent of obesity. This article summarizes the state of the science since we last reviewed the field in the Endocrine Reviews in 1997. There is general agreement that obese women with PCOS are insulin resistant, but some groups of lean affected women may have normal insulin sensitivity. There is a post-binding defect in receptor signaling likely due to increased receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 serine phosphorylation that selectively affects metabolic but not mitogenic pathways in classic insulin target tissues and in the ovary...
December 2012: Endocrine Reviews
#9
REVIEW
Lorenzo Scappaticcio, Maria Ida Maiorino, Giuseppe Bellastella, Dario Giugliano, Katherine Esposito
Diabetes mellitus and cancer are two growing health problems. They have in common many modifiable risk factors including sex, age, obesity, physical activity, diet, alcohol, and smoking, and have a long latency before overtly manifesting. Patients with diabetes experience a roughly 20-25% higher cancer incidence compared to individuals without diabetes, and it depends on cancer site. Moreover, patients with diabetes who further develop cancer have increased early and late mortality in comparison with cancer patients without diabetes...
May 2017: Endocrine
#10
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
M Ruiz-Canela, I Zazpe, N Shivappa, J R Hébert, A Sánchez-Tainta, D Corella, J Salas-Salvadó, M Fitó, R M Lamuela-Raventós, J Rekondo, J Fernández-Crehuet, M Fiol, J M Santos-Lozano, L Serra-Majem, X Pinto, J A Martínez, E Ros, R Estruch, M A Martínez-González
The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a new tool to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet. In the present study, we aimed to determine the association between the DII and BMI, waist circumference and waist:height ratio (WHtR). We conducted a cross-sectional study of 7236 participants recruited into the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea trial. Information from a validated 137-item FFQ was used to calculate energy, food and nutrient intakes. A fourteen-item dietary screener was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet)...
March 28, 2015: British Journal of Nutrition
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matam Vijay-Kumar, Jesse D Aitken, Frederic A Carvalho, Tyler C Cullender, Simon Mwangi, Shanthi Srinivasan, Shanthi V Sitaraman, Rob Knight, Ruth E Ley, Andrew T Gewirtz
Metabolic syndrome is a group of obesity-related metabolic abnormalities that increase an individual's risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, we show that mice genetically deficient in Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), a component of the innate immune system that is expressed in the gut mucosa and that helps defend against infection, exhibit hyperphagia and develop hallmark features of metabolic syndrome, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and increased adiposity...
April 9, 2010: Science
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marisa Coelho, Teresa Oliveira, Ruben Fernandes
Adipose tissue is no longer considered to be an inert tissue that stores fat. This tissue is capable of expanding to accommodate increased lipids through hypertrophy of existing adipocytes and by initiating differentiation of pre-adipocytes. Adipose tissue metabolism exerts an impact on whole-body metabolism. As an endocrine organ, adipose tissue is responsible for the synthesis and secretion of several hormones. These are active in a range of processes, such as control of nutritional intake (leptin, angiotensin), control of sensitivity to insulin and inflammatory process mediators (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), resistin, visfatin, adiponectin, among others) and pathways (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and acylation stimulating protein (ASP) for example)...
April 20, 2013: Archives of Medical Science: AMS
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ivanna Novotny Núñez, Carolina Maldonado Galdeano, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Gabriela Perdigón
OBJECTIVE: Obesity is associated with alterations in intestinal microbiota and immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 administration on intestinal and humoral immune response, clinical parameters, and gut microbiota was evaluated using a high-fat diet to induce obesity in a mouse model. METHODS: Adult mice received a conventional balanced diet or a high-fat diet supplemented with milk, milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei (FM), L...
November 2014: Nutrition
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hyang Yeon Kim, Minhee Kim, Hye Min Park, Jiyoung Kim, Eun Ji Kim, Choong Hwan Lee, Jung Han Yoon Park
OBJECTIVE: Our previous study revealed that chronic consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) stimulates colon cancer progression in obesity-resistant BALB/c mice. The aim of the present study was to investigate the significant alteration of metabolites caused by tumor progression and an HFD in the serum and liver in the same mouse model. METHODS: Male BALB/c mice were fed either a control diet or a HFD for 20.5 wk. The syngeneic CT26 colon carcinoma cells were injected into the right rear flank of mice after 16 wk of feeding...
November 2014: Nutrition
#15
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Kate Hunt, Sally Wyke, Cindy M Gray, Annie S Anderson, Adrian Brady, Christopher Bunn, Peter T Donnan, Elisabeth Fenwick, Eleanor Grieve, Jim Leishman, Euan Miller, Nanette Mutrie, Petra Rauchhaus, Alan White, Shaun Treweek
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of male obesity is increasing but few men take part in weight loss programmes. We assessed the effect of a weight loss and healthy living programme on weight loss in football (soccer) fans. METHODS: We did a two-group, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial of 747 male football fans aged 35-65 years with a body-mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m(2) or higher from 13 Scottish professional football clubs. Participants were randomly assigned with SAS (version 9·2, block size 2-9) in a 1:1 ratio, stratified by club, to a weight loss programme delivered by community coaching staff in 12 sessions held every week...
April 5, 2014: Lancet
#16
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Diane L Riddiford-Harland, Julie R Steele, Dylan P Cliff, Anthony D Okely, Philip J Morgan, Rachel A Jones, Louise A Baur
PURPOSE: This study aimed to establish whether the peak plantar pressures generated by overweight and obese school-age children during walking were associated with their objectively measured physical activity. METHODS: Physical activity levels of a subset of 73 overweight/obese children from a randomized controlled trial (mean ± SD: age, 8.3 ± 1.1 yr; 47 girls; body mass index z-score, 2.7 ± 0.7) were objectively measured using accelerometers. Plantar pressure distributions were also quantified as the participants walked over a pressure platform...
February 2015: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
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