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CT is a widely used imaging modality in the diagnosis of urolithiasis but subjects patients to ionizing radiation. Reduced dose protocols have recently gained wide acceptance. Stone density measurements have been used to predict composition and help guide treatment in standard dose CT (sCT) but not in reduced dose CT (RdCT). We aimed to compare density measurements obtained through RdCT vs sCT and to determine if there is a correlation between stone composition. A total of 201 patients undergoing evaluation for renal colic were prospectively recruited, whereby each subject underwent an sCT (120 kVp) followed immediately by an RdCT (80 or 100 kVp)...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity of noncontrast computed tomography (CT) with endoscopy for detection of renal calculi. Imaging modalities for detection of nephrolithiasis have centered on abdominal x-ray, ultrasound, and noncontrast CT. Sensitivities of 58%-62% (abdominal x-ray), 45% (ultrasound), and 95%-100% (CT) have been previously reported. However, these results have never been correlated with endoscopic findings. METHODS: Idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers with symptomatic calculi requiring ureteroscopy were studied...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of pediatric nephrolithiasis in the United States is increasing. There is a paucity of literature comparing the diagnostic performance of computed ultrasound (US) to tomography (CT) in the pediatric population. OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic performance of renal US for nephrolithiasis in children using a clinical effectiveness approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval with a waiver of informed consent was obtained for this retrospective, HIPAA-complaint investigation...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography (US) for detecting renal calculi and to assess the accuracy of US for determining the size of calculi and how this can affect counselling decisions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified all patients at our institution with a diagnosis of nephrolithiasis who underwent US followed by non-contrast computed tomography (CT) within 60 days. Data on patient characteristics, stone size (maximum axial diameter) and stone location were collected...

BACKGROUND: Sex-related differences occur in many areas of medicine. Emergency department (ED) studies have suggested differences in access to care, diagnostic imaging use, pain management, and intervention. We investigated sex-based differences in the care and outcomes for ED patients with acute renal colic. METHODS: This was a multicenter population-based retrospective observational cohort study using administrative data and supplemented by structured chart review...

The distinction of pain in pregnancy due to urolithiasis from that related to physiological dilation of the renal tract is a common conundrum as renal colic is one of the commonest causes for non-obstetric pain in pregnancy. Ultrasound is the first-line imaging test but although it may demonstrate renal dilation, it may not show the cause. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to make the distinction. Physiological dilation will show smooth tapering of the ureter in the middle third as it is compressed between the gravid uterus and the retroperitoneum...

INTRODUCTION: Obese patients are at increased risk for renal stones as well as treatment failures due to increased skin-to-stone distances (SSD) and harder stone compositions. We investigated the relationships between obesometric parameters (body mass index [BMI], body fat distribution and obesity-related hormone levels) with SSD and stone hardness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively enrolled patients undergoing stone interventions at our institution. Computed tomography (CT) scans were analyzed; adipose tissue was identified according to Hounsfield units (HU) and separated into subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) components...