collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34756185/boosters-appear-effective-but-are-they-always-needed
#1
COMMENT
K Srinath Reddy
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
December 4, 2021: Lancet
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34548137/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ventilator-management-and-rescue-therapies
#2
REVIEW
Melissa H Coleman, J Matthew Aldrich
This review describes the management of mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, including in those with coronavirus disease 2019. Low tidal volume ventilation with a moderate to high positive end-expiratory pressure remains the foundation of an evidence-based approach. We consider strategies for setting positive end-expiratory pressure levels, the use of recruitment maneuvers, and the potential role of driving pressure. Rescue therapies including prone positioning and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are also discussed...
October 2021: Critical Care Clinics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34570355/comparing-the-clinical-characteristics-and-outcomes-of-covid-19-associate-pulmonary-aspergillosis-capa-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#3
REVIEW
Woon Hean Chong, Biplab K Saha, Kristoffer P Neu
PURPOSE: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis has been increasingly recognized in COVID-19 patients, termed COVID-19-associate pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). Our meta-analysis aims to assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients diagnosed with CAPA compared to those without CAPA. METHODS: We searched the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases for studies published between January 1, 2020 and August 1, 2021, containing comparative data of patients diagnosed with CAPA and those without CAPA...
February 2022: Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34535792/the-biological-and-clinical-significance-of-emerging-sars-cov-2-variants
#4
REVIEW
Kaiming Tao, Philip L Tzou, Janin Nouhin, Ravindra K Gupta, Tulio de Oliveira, Sergei L Kosakovsky Pond, Daniela Fera, Robert W Shafer
The past several months have witnessed the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel spike protein mutations that are influencing the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. These variants can increase rates of virus transmission and/or increase the risk of reinfection and reduce the protection afforded by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and vaccination. These variants can therefore enable SARS-CoV-2 to continue its spread in the face of rising population immunity while maintaining or increasing its replication fitness...
September 17, 2021: Nature Reviews. Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34399021/covid-19-and-coagulopathy
#5
REVIEW
Malay Sarkar, Irappa V Madabhavi, Pham Nguyen Quy, Manjunath B Govindagoudar
The SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 disease and has caused the pandemic worldwide. A large number of cases have overwhelmed the healthcare system worldwide. The COVID-19 infection has been associated with a heightened risk of thromboembolic complications. Various mechanisms are leading to the high thrombotic risk in COVID-19 patients such as inflammation, endotheliitis, hyperviscosity, and hypercoagulability. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL from January 2020 to December 2020...
December 2021: Clinical Respiratory Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34446582/airborne-transmission-of-respiratory-viruses
#6
REVIEW
Chia C Wang, Kimberly A Prather, Josué Sznitman, Jose L Jimenez, Seema S Lakdawala, Zeynep Tufekci, Linsey C Marr
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of and a need to update the traditional view of transmission pathways for respiratory viruses. The long-standing definitions of droplet and airborne transmission do not account for the mechanisms by which virus-laden respiratory droplets and aerosols travel through the air and lead to infection. In this Review, we discuss current evidence regarding the transmission of respiratory viruses by aerosols-how they are generated, transported, and deposited, as well as the factors affecting the relative contributions of droplet-spray deposition versus aerosol inhalation as modes of transmission...
August 27, 2021: Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34466270/ivermectin-a-multifaceted-drug-of-nobel-prize-honoured-distinction-with-indicated-efficacy-against-a-new-global-scourge-covid-19
#7
REVIEW
A D Santin, D E Scheim, P A McCullough, M Yagisawa, T J Borody
In 2015, the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine, in its only award for treatments of infectious diseases since six decades prior, honoured the discovery of ivermectin (IVM), a multifaceted drug deployed against some of the world's most devastating tropical diseases. Since March 2020, when IVM was first used against a new global scourge, COVID-19, more than 20 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have tracked such inpatient and outpatient treatments. Six of seven meta-analyses of IVM treatment RCTs reporting in 2021 found notable reductions in COVID-19 fatalities, with a mean 31% relative risk of mortality vs...
September 2021: New Microbes and New Infections
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34316551/cognitive-deficits-in-people-who-have-recovered-from-covid-19
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adam Hampshire, William Trender, Samuel R Chamberlain, Amy E Jolly, Jon E Grant, Fiona Patrick, Ndaba Mazibuko, Steve Cr Williams, Joseph M Barnby, Peter Hellyer, Mitul A Mehta
BACKGROUND: There is growing concern about possible cognitive consequences of COVID-19, with reports of 'Long COVID' symptoms persisting into the chronic phase and case studies revealing neurological problems in severely affected patients. However, there is little information regarding the nature and broader prevalence of cognitive problems post-infection or across the full spread of disease severity. METHODS: We sought to confirm whether there was an association between cross-sectional cognitive performance data from 81,337 participants who between January and December 2020 undertook a clinically validated web-optimized assessment as part of the Great British Intelligence Test, and questionnaire items capturing self-report of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 infection and respiratory symptoms...
September 2021: EClinicalMedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34331760/response-to-letter-to-the-editor-from-viola-viola-calcifediol-treatment-and-covid-19-related-outcomes
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xavier Nogues, José Manuel Quesada-Gómez, Natalia Garcia-Giralt
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 31, 2021: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34289966/diagnostic-yield-of-bacteriological-tests-and-predictors-of-severe-outcome-in-adult-patients-with-covid-19-presenting-to-the-emergency-department
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Kaal, Lars Snel, Martijn Dane, Nathalie van Burgel, Thomas Ottens, Winifred Broekman, Lahssan El Bouazzaoui, Nikki Kolfschoten, Emile Schippers, Ewout Steyerberg, Soufian Meziyerh, Cees van Nieuwkoop
BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend maximal efforts to obtain blood and sputum cultures in patients with COVID-19, as bacterial coinfection is associated with worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of bacteriological tests, including blood and sputum cultures, and the association of multiple biomarkers and the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) with clinical and microbiological outcomes in patients with COVID-19 presenting to the emergency department (ED). METHODS: This is a substudy of a large observational cohort study (PredictED study)...
September 2021: Emergency Medicine Journal: EMJ
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34127832/a-long-term-perspective-on-immunity-to-covid
#11
COMMENT
Andreas Radbruch, Hyun-Dong Chang
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 2021: Nature
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34097856/therapeutic-versus-prophylactic-anticoagulation-for-patients-admitted-to-hospital-with-covid-19-and-elevated-d-dimer-concentration-action-an-open-label-multicentre-randomised-controlled-trial
#12
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Renato D Lopes, Pedro Gabriel Melo de Barros E Silva, Remo H M Furtado, Ariane Vieira Scarlatelli Macedo, Bruna Bronhara, Lucas Petri Damiani, Lilian Mazza Barbosa, Júlia de Aveiro Morata, Eduardo Ramacciotti, Priscilla de Aquino Martins, Aryadne Lyrio de Oliveira, Vinicius Santana Nunes, Luiz Eduardo Fonteles Ritt, Ana Thereza Rocha, Lucas Tramujas, Sueli V Santos, Dario Rafael Abregu Diaz, Lorena Souza Viana, Lívia Maria Garcia Melro, Mariana Silveira de Alcântara Chaud, Estêvão Lanna Figueiredo, Fernando Carvalho Neuenschwander, Marianna Deway Andrade Dracoulakis, Rodolfo Godinho Souza Dourado Lima, Vicente Cés de Souza Dantas, Anne Cristine Silva Fernandes, Otávio Celso Eluf Gebara, Mauro Esteves Hernandes, Diego Aparecido Rios Queiroz, Viviane C Veiga, Manoel Fernandes Canesin, Leonardo Meira de Faria, Gilson Soares Feitosa-Filho, Marcelo Basso Gazzana, Idelzuíta Leandro Liporace, Aline de Oliveira Twardowsky, Lilia Nigro Maia, Flávia Ribeiro Machado, Alexandre de Matos Soeiro, Germano Emílio Conceição-Souza, Luciana Armaganijan, Patrícia O Guimarães, Regis G Rosa, Luciano C P Azevedo, John H Alexander, Alvaro Avezum, Alexandre B Cavalcanti, Otavio Berwanger
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is associated with a prothrombotic state leading to adverse clinical outcomes. Whether therapeutic anticoagulation improves outcomes in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 is unknown. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of therapeutic versus prophylactic anticoagulation in this population. METHODS: We did a pragmatic, open-label (with blinded adjudication), multicentre, randomised, controlled trial, at 31 sites in Brazil. Patients (aged ≥18 years) hospitalised with COVID-19 and elevated D-dimer concentration, and who had COVID-19 symptoms for up to 14 days before randomisation, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either therapeutic or prophylactic anticoagulation...
June 12, 2021: Lancet
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34126034/correction-thrombosis-bleeding-and-the-observational-effect-of-early-therapeutic-anticoagulation-on-survival-in-critically-ill-patients-with-covid-19
#13
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
June 2021: Annals of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30995492/targeting-interleukin-6-signaling-in-clinic
#14
REVIEW
Sujin Kang, Toshio Tanaka, Masashi Narazaki, Tadamitsu Kishimoto
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with roles in immunity, tissue regeneration, and metabolism. Rapid production of IL-6 contributes to host defense during infection and tissue injury, but excessive synthesis of IL-6 and dysregulation of IL-6 receptor signaling is involved in disease pathology. Therapeutic agents targeting the IL-6 axis are effective in rheumatoid arthritis, and applications are being extended to other settings of acute and chronic inflammation. Recent studies reveal that selective blockade of different modes of IL-6 receptor signaling has different outcomes on disease pathology, suggesting novel strategies for therapeutic intervention...
April 16, 2019: Immunity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26837745/from-c-reactive-protein-to-interleukin-6-to-interleukin-1-moving-upstream-to-identify-novel-targets-for-atheroprotection
#15
REVIEW
Paul M Ridker
Plasma levels of the inflammatory biomarker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) predict vascular risk with an effect estimate as large as that of total or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Further, randomized trial data addressing hsCRP have been central to understanding the anti-inflammatory effects of statin therapy and have consistently demonstrated on-treatment hsCRP levels to be as powerful a predictor of residual cardiovascular risk as on-treatment levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol...
January 8, 2016: Circulation Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27577879/interleukins-from-il-1-to-il-38-interferons-transforming-growth-factor-%C3%AE-and-tnf-%C3%AE-receptors-functions-and-roles-in-diseases
#16
REVIEW
Mübeccel Akdis, Alar Aab, Can Altunbulakli, Kursat Azkur, Rita A Costa, Reto Crameri, Su Duan, Thomas Eiwegger, Andrzej Eljaszewicz, Ruth Ferstl, Remo Frei, Mattia Garbani, Anna Globinska, Lena Hess, Carly Huitema, Terufumi Kubo, Zsolt Komlosi, Patricia Konieczna, Nora Kovacs, Umut C Kucuksezer, Norbert Meyer, Hideaki Morita, Judith Olzhausen, Liam O'Mahony, Marija Pezer, Moira Prati, Ana Rebane, Claudio Rhyner, Arturo Rinaldi, Milena Sokolowska, Barbara Stanic, Kazunari Sugita, Angela Treis, Willem van de Veen, Kerstin Wanke, Marcin Wawrzyniak, Paulina Wawrzyniak, Oliver F Wirz, Josefina Sierra Zakzuk, Cezmi A Akdis
There have been extensive developments on cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune regulation in allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, tumor development, organ transplantation, and chronic infections during the last few years. Better understanding the functions, reciprocal regulation, and counterbalance of subsets of immune and inflammatory cells that interact through interleukins, interferons, TNF-α, and TGF-β offer opportunities for immune interventions and novel treatment modalities in the era of development of biological immune response modifiers particularly targeting these molecules or their receptors...
October 2016: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33631065/interleukin-6-receptor-antagonists-in-critically-ill-patients-with-covid-19
#17
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Anthony C Gordon, Paul R Mouncey, Farah Al-Beidh, Kathryn M Rowan, Alistair D Nichol, Yaseen M Arabi, Djillali Annane, Abi Beane, Wilma van Bentum-Puijk, Lindsay R Berry, Zahra Bhimani, Marc J M Bonten, Charlotte A Bradbury, Frank M Brunkhorst, Adrian Buzgau, Allen C Cheng, Michelle A Detry, Eamon J Duffy, Lise J Estcourt, Mark Fitzgerald, Herman Goossens, Rashan Haniffa, Alisa M Higgins, Thomas E Hills, Christopher M Horvat, Francois Lamontagne, Patrick R Lawler, Helen L Leavis, Kelsey M Linstrum, Edward Litton, Elizabeth Lorenzi, John C Marshall, Florian B Mayr, Daniel F McAuley, Anna McGlothlin, Shay P McGuinness, Bryan J McVerry, Stephanie K Montgomery, Susan C Morpeth, Srinivas Murthy, Katrina Orr, Rachael L Parke, Jane C Parker, Asad E Patanwala, Ville Pettilä, Emma Rademaker, Marlene S Santos, Christina T Saunders, Christopher W Seymour, Manu Shankar-Hari, Wendy I Sligl, Alexis F Turgeon, Anne M Turner, Frank L van de Veerdonk, Ryan Zarychanski, Cameron Green, Roger J Lewis, Derek C Angus, Colin J McArthur, Scott Berry, Steve A Webb, Lennie P G Derde
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of interleukin-6 receptor antagonists in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is unclear. METHODS: We evaluated tocilizumab and sarilumab in an ongoing international, multifactorial, adaptive platform trial. Adult patients with Covid-19, within 24 hours after starting organ support in the intensive care unit (ICU), were randomly assigned to receive tocilizumab (8 mg per kilogram of body weight), sarilumab (400 mg), or standard care (control)...
April 22, 2021: New England Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34040250/had-covid-you-ll-probably-make-antibodies-for-a-lifetime
#18
Ewen Callaway
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
May 26, 2021: Nature
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34107025/proper-assignation-of-reactivation-in-a-covid-19-recurrence-initially-interpreted-as-a-reinfection
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura Pérez-Lago, Helena Martínez-Lozano, Jose Antonio Pajares Díaz, Arantxa Díaz Gómez, Marina Machado, Pedro J Sola-Campoy, Marta Herranz, Sergio Buenestado-Serrano, Maricela Valerio, María Olmedo, Cristina Andrés Zayas, Iñaki Comas, Fernando González Candelas, Rafael Bañares, Pilar Catalán, Patricia Muñoz, Darío García de Viedma
A 77-year-old man (case R) with previous diagnosis of a mild COVID-19 episode was hospitalized 35 days later. On day 23 postadmission, he developed a second COVID-19 episode, now severe, and finally died. Initially, case R's COVID-19 recurrence was interpreted as a reinfection due to the exposure to a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive roommate. However, whole-genome sequencing indicated that case R's recurrence corresponded to a reactivation of the strain involved in his first episode. Case R's reactivation had major consequences, leading to a more severe episode, and causing subsequent transmission to another 2 hospitalized patients, 1 of them with fatal outcome...
September 1, 2021: Journal of Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34115532/covid-19-evaluation-and-care-of-patients-with-persistent-symptoms-following-acute-sars-cov-2-infection
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christine Laine, Deborah Cotton
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
August 2021: Annals of Internal Medicine
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