Renal Tx

A. Kidney transplantation should be the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children (up to 16 years of age). Because the incidence rate of ESRD is very low, approximately 1-2 children per million general population or 4-6 children per million childhood population, kidney transplantation in children should be performed in specialized paediatric centres with multidisciplinary experts, i.e. transplant surgeons, anaesthetists and paediatric nephrologists, and optimally should be supported by psychologists, paediatric nurses and social workers...

The year 2022 had continued successes and challenges for the field of kidney transplantation, as the community adapted to ongoing surges of the COVID-19 pandemic and broader geographic organ distribution. The total number of kidney transplants in the United States reached a record count of 26,309, driven by continued growth in deceased donor kidney transplants (DDKTs). The total number of candidates listed for DDKT rose slightly in 2022 but remained below 2019 listing levels, with 12.4% of candidates having been waiting 5 years or longer...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Long-term kidney allograft survival is hampered by progressive interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. The SPIREN trial tested the hypothesis that the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone stabilizes kidney function and attenuates glomerular barrier injury in kidney transplant patients treated with calcineurin inhibitors. METHODS: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind clinical trial including 188 prevalent kidney transplant patients...

In 2023, significant advances were made in various areas of kidney transplantation. Firstly, the use of a balanced crystalloid solution in the recipient appears to prevent the delay in graft function, unlike hypothermia in the donor and normothermic pulsatile perfusion. Understanding the pathophysiology of humoral rejection has progressed, highlighting the major role of HLA class II molecules and innate immune cells (NK and monocytes expressing FCGR3A). An automatic Banff classification algorithm has been developed to better categorize biopsies in currently known diagnoses...

The iliac fossa is the most commonly used site to place the graft in renal transplantation in adults. However, iliac fossa may not be used in various conditions. Thus, orthotopic renal transplantation becomes a viable alternative for these selected patients. Given the technically challenging surgery and limited number of patients, data on the long-term outcomes on this regard are scarce. This narrative review serves as an update on the clinical outcomes after orthotopic renal transplantation, focusing on overall recipient survival and renal graft survival, as well as postoperative complications...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent regulated mechanism that recycles unnecessary cytoplasmic components. It is now known that autophagy dysfunction may have a pathogenic role in several human diseases and conditions, including kidney transplantation. Both defective and excessive autophagy may induce or aggravate several complications of kidney transplantation, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, alloimmune response, and immunosuppressive treatment and side effects. Although it is still complicated to measure autophagy levels in clinical practice, more attention should be paid to the factors that may influence autophagy...

IMPORTANCE: Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) have the best chance for a longer and healthier life if they receive a kidney transplant. However, many barriers prevent patients from receiving a transplant. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of a multicomponent intervention designed to target several barriers that prevent eligible patients from completing key steps toward receiving a kidney transplant. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This pragmatic, 2-arm, parallel-group, open-label, registry-based, superiority, cluster randomized clinical trial included all 26 CKD programs in Ontario, Canada, from November 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The year 2021 marked both successes and challenges for the field of kidney transplantation, in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and broader geographic organ distribution. The total number of kidney transplants in the United States reached a record count of 25,487, driven by growth in deceased donor kidney transplants. The total number of candidates listed for deceased donor kidney transplant rose slightly in 2021 but remained below 2019 listing levels, with nearly 10% of candidates having been waiting 5 years or longer...

INTRODUCTION: Kidney transplantation remains the gold standard of treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with improved patient outcomes compared with dialysis. Epigenome-Wide Association Analysis (EWAS) of DNA methylation may identify markers that contribute to an individual's risk of adverse transplant outcomes, yet only a limited number of EWAS have been conducted in kidney transplant recipients. This EWAS aimed to interrogate the methylation profile of a kidney transplant recipient cohort with minimal posttransplant complications, exploring differences in samples pretransplant and posttransplant...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To date, employment figures of kidney transplant recipients in Europe are inconsistent. Additionally, little is known about work functioning of employed kidney transplant recipients and work functioning trajectories before and after transplantation. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: Data from the ongoing TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort study and from community-dwelling employed adults were used. Health-related work functioning of kidney transplant recipients was assessed with the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire 2...

The kidney market in Iran is the only legal market of this sort globally. Yet, it has not been empirically studied based on real data. For the first time, we obtained data on donors and recipients from the Kidney Foundation in Mashhad, April 2011 up to March 2018, and assessed which individualistic characteristics contribute to a kidney's price. Our findings indicate that each year of education for both donors and recipients increases the kidney price. Moreover, old patients are willing to make a higher payment to young vendors...

BACKGROUND: Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients can benefit from traditional antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) activities directed to improve judicious perioperative prescribing and management, but evidence is lacking. The aim of this expert opinion review is to provide an update on the current landscape of application of AMS practices for optimization of perioperative prophylaxis (PP). METHODS: We reviewed the available literature on early postoperative infectious complications in SOT and PP management, on modified perioperative approaches in case of infection or colonization in recipients and donors and on AMS in transplantation PP...

Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) rates immediately after kidney transplantation remain uncertain due to heterogeneous reporting in the literature. To clarify this, we retrospectively studied every eligible kidney transplant procedure performed in England between April 1, 2002 and March 31, 2018, with follow-up through August 31, 2019. The primary outcome of interest was MACE broadly defined as any hospital admission with myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, heart failure, any coronary revascularisation procedure and/or any cardiovascular death...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The field of xenotransplantation has seen remarkable progress since its inception with recent preclinical trials in human recipients pushing kidney xenotransplantation one-step closer to clinical reality. In this review, we update practicing clinicians on recent advances in kidney xenotransplantation given the proximity of clinical trials in humans. RECENT FINDINGS: Early studies in the field established the physiologic basis of xenotransplantation and suggested that the pig kidney will support human physiology...

Kidney transplant policy has not historically been considered a domain of nephrology policy; despite that, the US transplant system is marked by missed opportunities that prevent patients from accessing a kidney transplant. Policymakers in the federal government are focused on growing the inadequate supply of kidneys, especially on increasing procurement of deceased donor organs, and reducing kidney discards. There are many more challenges in transplantation that require the attention of experts in nephrology policy, whether in the Administration, Congress, advocacy organizations, or clinical practice...

INTRODUCTION: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is well established in many specialties but has not been widely adopted in renal transplantation. The aim of this survey was to understand current national practices and sentiment concerning ERAS for renal transplant recipients in the UK. METHODOLOGY: A national web-based survey was sent to consultant surgeons at all 23 UK adult renal transplant units. Completed questionnaires were collected between May and July 2020...