Diabetes epidemiology

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Ketosis-prone diabetes or Flatbush diabetes has been widely recognized as a clinical entity since 1984. Most of the early clinical studies focused on African American or Afro-Caribbean individuals. It is now being recognized as an important clinical entity in sub-Saharan Africans, Asian and Indian populations, and Hispanic populations. Major questions remain as to its pathogenesis and whether it is a unique type of diabetes or a subset of more severe type 2 diabetes with greater loss of insulin action in target tissues...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is presently classified into two main forms, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but type 2 diabetes in particular is highly heterogeneous. A refined classification could provide a powerful tool to individualise treatment regimens and identify individuals with increased risk of complications at diagnosis. METHODS: We did data-driven cluster analysis (k-means and hierarchical clustering) in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes (n=8980) from the Swedish All New Diabetics in Scania cohort...

BACKGROUND: Type 2 (T2DM) is believed to be common in Saudi Arabia, but data are limited. In this population survey, we determined the prevalence of T2DM and prediabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A representative sample among residents aged ≥ 18 years of the city of Jeddah was obtained comprising both Saudi and non-Saudi families (N = 1420). Data on dietary, clinical and socio-demographic characteristics were collected and anthropometric measurements taken. Fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were used to diagnose diabetes and prediabetes employing American Diabetes Association criteria...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. METHODS: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers...

OBJECTIVE: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasingly common in obese patients. However, its metabolic consequences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 154 obese patients divided in four groups: 1) control (no T2DM or NAFLD), 2) T2DM without NAFLD, 3) T2DM with isolated steatosis, and 4) T2DM with NASH. We evaluated intrahepatic triglycerides by proton MRS ((1)H-MRS) and assessed insulin secretion/resistance during an oral glucose tolerance test and a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp with glucose turnover measurements...

BACKGROUND: The effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is not assessed within the first 10 years postpartum, regardless of subsequent diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of CVD events related to GDM within 7 years of postpartum. METHODS: This nationwide population-based study of deliveries in 2007 and 2008 with a follow-up of 7 years was based on data from the French medico-administrative database. Two groups were formed: women with a history of GDM and women without GDM or previous diabetes...

CONTEXT: It is unclear why the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes, especially prediabetes, between diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) criteria, is substantially discordant. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effects of obesity on the agreement between HbA1c and OGTT for diagnosing diabetes and prediabetes and identify the optimal HbA1c cutoff values in different body mass index (BMI) classifications. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: In a population-based, cross-sectional study in Harbin, China, 4325 individuals aged 20-74 years without a prior diagnosed diabetes were involved in this study...

IMPORTANCE: Whether mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus is affected following intensive glycemic therapy has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether mortality differed between the original intensive and conventional treatment groups in the long-term follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: After the DCCT (1983-1993) ended, participants were followed up in a multisite (27 US and Canadian academic clinical centers) observational study (Epidemiology of Diabetes Control and Complications [EDIC]) until December 31, 2012...

CONTEXT: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5% (47.5 mmol/mol) has recently been included as a criterion for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. It is unclear whether this criterion is appropriate in Asians. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between HbA1c and diabetes-specific moderate retinopathy in Asian ethnic groups. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Four independent population-based cross-sectional studies (2004-2011) in Singapore representing the three major Asian ethnic groups (n = 13 170 adults aged ≥ 25 y: Chinese, 5834; Malays, 3596; and Indians, 3740)...

IMPORTANCE: The increasing intensity of diabetes mellitus management over the past decade may have resulted in lower rates of hyperglycemic emergencies but higher rates of hospital admissions for hypoglycemia among older adults. Trends in these hospitalizations and subsequent outcomes are not known. OBJECTIVE: To characterize changes in hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia hospitalization rates and subsequent mortality and readmission rates among older adults in the United States over a 12-year period, and to compare these results according to age, sex, and race...

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BACKGROUND: Trends in the prevalence and control of diabetes defined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are important for health care policy and planning. OBJECTIVE: To update trends in the prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes, and glycemic control. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) in 1988-1994 and 1999-2010. PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged 20 years or older...