Loïc Guillevin, Christian Pagnoux, Alexandre Karras, Chahera Khouatra, Olivier Aumaître, Pascal Cohen, François Maurier, Olivier Decaux, Jacques Ninet, Pierre Gobert, Thomas Quémeneur, Claire Blanchard-Delaunay, Pascal Godmer, Xavier Puéchal, Pierre-Louis Carron, Pierre-Yves Hatron, Nicolas Limal, Mohamed Hamidou, Maize Ducret, Eric Daugas, Thomas Papo, Bernard Bonnotte, Alfred Mahr, Philippe Ravaud, Luc Mouthon
BACKGROUND: The combination of cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids leads to remission in most patients with antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides. However, even when patients receive maintenance treatment with azathioprine or methotrexate, the relapse rate remains high. Rituximab may help to maintain remission. METHODS: Patients with newly diagnosed or relapsing granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, or renal-limited ANCA-associated vasculitis in complete remission after a cyclophosphamide-glucocorticoid regimen were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg of rituximab on days 0 and 14 and at months 6, 12, and 18 after study entry or daily azathioprine until month 22...
November 6, 2014: New England Journal of Medicine