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General Internal Medicine Bulletin: Healthcare Library of Northern Ireland

https://read.qxmd.com/read/36848126/association-of-cardiovascular-health-with-life-expectancy-free-of-cardiovascular-disease-diabetes-cancer-and-dementia-in-uk-adults
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xuan Wang, Hao Ma, Xiang Li, Yoriko Heianza, JoAnn E Manson, Oscar H Franco, Lu Qi
IMPORTANCE: The average life expectancy has increased substantially in the past few decades in most industrialized countries; however, not all of the increased life expectancy is being spent in optimal health, especially among individuals with low socioeconomic status. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the associations between levels of cardiovascular health (CVH), estimated by the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) metrics, with life expectancy free of major chronic disease, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, cancer, and dementia, in UK adults...
April 1, 2023: JAMA Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36484466/blood-metabolite-profiles-linking-dietary-patterns-with-health-toward-precision-nutrition
#2
REVIEW
Stefania Noerman, Rikard Landberg
Diet is one of the most important exposures that may affect health throughout life span. Investigations on dietary patterns rather than single food components are gaining in popularity because they take the complexity of the whole dietary context into account. Adherence to such dietary patterns can be measured by using metabolomics, which allows measurements of thousands of molecules simultaneously. Derived metabolite signatures of dietary patterns may reflect the consumption of specific groups of foods or their constituents originating from the dietary pattern per se, or the physiological response toward the food-derived metabolites, their interaction with endogenous metabolism, and exogenous factors such as gut microbiota...
December 9, 2022: Journal of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36460621/clostridium-difficile-and-other-adverse-events-from-overprescribed-antibiotics-for-acute-upper-respiratory-infection
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Harris Carmichael, Steven M Asch, Eran Bendavid
BACKGROUND: Guidelines widely recommend avoiding antibiotics for many acute upper respiratory infections (aURIs) to avert adverse events in the absence of likely benefit. However, the extent of harm from these antibiotics remains a subject of debate and could inform patient-centered decision-making. Prior estimates finding a number needed to harm (NNH) between 8 and 10 rely on patient-reported adverse events of any severity. In this analysis, we sought to estimate adverse events by only measuring comparatively severe events that require subsequent clinical evaluation...
December 2, 2022: Journal of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36575107/de-escalation-of-antiplatelet-therapy-in-patients-with-coronary-artery-disease-time-to-change-our-strategy
#4
REVIEW
Pierre Sabouret, Luigi Spadafora, David Fischman, Waqas Ullah, Michel Zeitouni, Martha Gulati, Salvatore De Rosa, Michael P Savage, Juan Pablo Costabel, Maciej Banach, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Mattia Galli
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is the gold standard after acute coronary syndromes (ACS) or chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Because local and systemic ischemic complications can occur particularly in the early phase (i.e. 1-3 months) after ACS or PCI, the synergistic platelet inhibition of aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor is of the utmost importance in this early phase. Moreover, the use of the more potent P2Y12 inhibitors prasugrel and ticagrelor have shown to further reduce the incidence of ischemic events compared to clopidogrel after an ACS...
April 2023: European Journal of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36725399/the-efficacy-and-safety-of-tacrolimus-in-patients-with-dermatomyositis-polymyositis-a-meta-analysis-and-systematic-review
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiafen Liao, Xiaofei Peng, Jiayi Liu, Xi Xie, Jia Wang
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus for dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) treatment. METHODS: We searched the Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were used as searching tools from inception up to October 2022. Two authors independently selected studies. The available studies were comprehensively reviewed and investigated. RESULTS: A total of 9 studies, including 350 patients, were analysed...
April 2023: European Journal of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36572580/efficacy-of-endovascular-therapy-for-basilar-and-vertebral-artery-occlusion-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-randomized-controlled-trials
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chun-Hsien Lin, David S Liebeskind, Bruce Ovbiagele, Meng Lee, Jeffrey L Saver
BACKGROUND: The best management for acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) has increasingly been clarified by recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs comparing endovascular therapy (EVT) vs best medical management (BMM). METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, the CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 1, 2000, to November 20, 2022. We included RCTs comparing EVT vs BMM in BAO or bilateral vertebral artery occlusion (VAO)...
December 24, 2022: European Journal of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36961252/high-dose-opioids-for-chronic-non-cancer-pain-an-overview-of-cochrane-reviews
#7
REVIEW
Charl Els, Tanya D Jackson, Reidar Hagtvedt, Diane Kunyk, Barend Sonnenberg, Vernon G Lappi, Sebastian Straube
BACKGROUND: This overview was originally published in 2017, and is being updated in 2022.  Chronic pain is typically described as pain on most days for at least three months. Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is any chronic pain that is not due to a malignancy. Chronic non-cancer pain in adults is a common and complex clinical issue, for which opioids are prescribed by some physicians for pain management. There are concerns that the use of high doses of opioids for CNCP lacks evidence of effectiveness, and may increase the risk of adverse events...
March 24, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36971690/methylphenidate-for-children-and-adolescents-with-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd
#8
REVIEW
Ole Jakob Storebø, Maja Rosenberg Overby Storm, Johanne Pereira Ribeiro, Maria Skoog, Camilla Groth, Henriette E Callesen, Julie Perrine Schaug, Pernille Darling Rasmussen, Christel-Mie L Huus, Morris Zwi, Richard Kirubakaran, Erik Simonsen, Christian Gluud
BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and treated psychiatric disorders in childhood. Typically, children and adolescents with ADHD find it difficult to pay attention and they are hyperactive and impulsive. Methylphenidate is the psychostimulant most often prescribed, but the evidence on benefits and harms is uncertain. This is an update of our comprehensive systematic review on benefits and harms published in 2015. OBJECTIVES: To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of methylphenidate for children and adolescents with ADHD...
March 27, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36860115/overweight-in-childhood-and-young-adulthood-increases-the-risk-for-adult-thromboembolic-events
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lina Lilja, Maria Bygdell, Jari Martikainen, Annika Rosengren, Jenny M Kindblom, Claes Ohlsson
BACKGROUND: Approximately one third of thromboembolic (TE) events are related to obesity, but to which extent elevated body mass index (BMI) during the distinct periods of childhood and puberty contributes is not known. We aimed to evaluate the impact of high BMI during childhood and puberty for the risk of adult venous and arterial thromboembolic events (VTE, ATE, respectively) in men. METHODS: We included 37,672 men from the BMI Epidemiology Study (BEST) Gothenburg with data on weight and height in childhood, young adult age, and on pubertal BMI change...
March 1, 2023: Journal of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36628825/pathophysiology-of-cough-with-angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors-how-to-explain-within-class-differences
#10
REVIEW
Claudio Borghi, Arrigo Fg Cicero, Davide Agnoletti, Giulia Fiorini
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) have consistently demonstrated improved survival and reduced risk of major cardiovascular events, across the spectrum of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. The cardioprotective effects of ACEi result from inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, and inhibition of bradykinin degradation. They are generally well tolerated but may cause the onset of a dry cough in some patients...
April 2023: European Journal of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37058600/polyunsaturated-fatty-acids-pufa-for-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-in-children-and-adolescents
#11
REVIEW
Donna Gillies, Matthew J Leach, Guillermo Perez Algorta
BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a major problem in children and adolescents, characterised by age-inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, and is associated with long-term social, academic, and mental health problems. The stimulant medications methylphenidate and amphetamine are the most frequently used treatments for ADHD, but these are not always effective and can be associated with side effects. Clinical and biochemical evidence suggests that deficiencies of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could be related to ADHD...
April 14, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36815689/risk-factors-for-impaired-respiratory-function-post-covid-19-a-prospective-cohort-study-of-nonhospitalized-and-hospitalized-patients
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tove Björsell, Josefin Sundh, Anna Lange, Clas Ahlm, Mattias N E Forsell, Staffan Tevell, Anders Blomberg, Alicia Edin, Johan Normark, Sara Cajander
BACKGROUND: Severe COVID-19 increases the risk for long-term respiratory impairment, but data after mild COVID-19 are scarce. Our aims were to determine risk factors for reduced respiratory function 3-6 months after COVID-19 infection and to investigate if reduced respiratory function would relate to impairment of exercise performance and breathlessness. METHODS: Patients with COVID-19 were enrolled at the University Hospitals of Umeå and Örebro, and Karlstad Central Hospital, Sweden...
February 23, 2023: Journal of Internal Medicine
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