Pediatric dengue

The role of NS1-specific antibodies in the pathogenesis of dengue virus infection is poorly understood. Here we investigate the immunoglobulin responses of patients with dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) to NS1. Antibody responses to recombinant-NS1 are assessed in serum samples throughout illness of patients with acute secondary DENV1 and DENV2 infection by ELISA. NS1 antibody titres are significantly higher in patients with DHF compared to those with DF for both serotypes, during the critical phase of illness...

BACKGROUND: Early recognition of dengue, particularly patients at risk for plasma leakage, is important to clinical management. The objective of this study was to build predictive models for dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) using structural equation modelling (SEM), a statistical method that evaluates mechanistic pathways. METHODS/FINDINGS: We performed SEM using data from 257 Thai children enrolled within 72 h of febrile illness onset, 156 with dengue and 101 with non-dengue febrile illnesses...

Dengue is an arbovirus affecting humans and spread by mosquitoes. Severe dengue follows a secondary infection with a different virus serotype. The problem is truly global as it is endemic in over 100 countries. Severe dengue can be a life-threatening because of increased vascular permeability, resulting in leakage of fluid from the intravascular compartment to the extravascular space. When major bleeding does occur, it is almost invariably combined with profound shock since this, in combination with thrombocytopenia, hypoxia, and acidosis, can lead to multiple organ failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation...

BACKGROUND: Dengue fever is a re-emerging viral disease commonly occurring in tropical and subtropical areas. The clinical features and abnormal laboratory test results of dengue infection are similar to those of other febrile illnesses; hence, its accurate and timely diagnosis for providing appropriate treatment is difficult. Delayed diagnosis may be associated with inappropriate treatment and higher risk of death. Early and correct diagnosis can help improve case management and optimise the use of resources such as hospital staff, beds, and intensive care equipment...

BACKGROUND: The aetiological spectrum of acute encephalitis shows inter- and intra-geographical variations. We aimed to identify the viruses that cause infectious encephalitis in Sri Lanka, which represents a South Asian population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 99 patients with encephalitis/meningoencephalitis admitted to two tertiary-care hospitals in Colombo. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum were tested for conventional and emerging encephalitogenic viruses...

Dengue infection is endemic in developing countries posing a major public health problem. Clinical manifestations form a broad spectrum and include uncomplicated dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. We report three confirmed cases of dengue infection in pediatric population with central nervous system involvement with certain unreported manifestations resulting in diagnostic dilemma. Increasing evidence of neurotropism by dengue virus emphasizes that clinician be aware of such association and consider dengue infection in cases of febrile encephalitis and myelitis in endemic areas...

AIMS: This retrospective study evaluates ferritin as a surrogate marker for dengue infection (NS1 and IgM negative stage) as opposed to other febrile illnesses of infective or inflammatory etiology (OFI). METHODOLOGY: Data of all patients admitted to medical ward and medical ITU during the dengue outbreak were collected. Patients admitted between 5 and 10 days of febrile illness without a diagnosis were included. Patients with NS1 positivity (Days 2-8) and/or positive IgM for dengue (Days 6-10) were considered to be dengue cases and those with other confirmed diagnoses were considered in the OFI group...

Dengue, transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti affects millions of people worldwide every year. Dengue induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a serious condition and may prove fatal if not detected early and treated appropriately. Diagnosis of HLH is challenging and usually missed as clinical and laboratory findings are nonspecific. Moreover, the pathophysiology of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and/or sepsis is remarkably similar to HLH. Secondary HLH following infection by the dengue virus is now being increasingly recognized as a cause of severe form of the disease...

BACKGROUND: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, potentially fatal disorder characterized by fever, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and increased serum ferritin. HLH is being increasingly reported as a complication of dengue, a common tropical acute febrile illness. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: After a cluster of pediatric dengue-associated HLH patients was identified during the 2012-2013 dengue epidemic in Puerto Rico, active surveillance and a case-control investigation was conducted at four referral hospitals to determine the incidence of HLH in children and identify risk factors for HLH following dengue...

A 34-year-old man, working at a park in Tokyo, Japan, was repeatedly bitten by mosquitoes while cutting grass. He was hospitalized with sudden fever, fatigue, and weakness. He was eventually diagnosed with dengue virus infection, detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the genome and by the presence of nonstructural protein 1 in his peripheral blood. Symptomatic treatments such as acetaminophen for the fever were not effective. Moreover, peripheral blood examination showed drastically decreased white blood cells and platelets, as well as marked elevations of ferritin and soluble interleukin 2 receptor...

Hemophagocytosis, a phenomenon of which activated macrophages phagocytosed hematopoietic elements was reportedly observed in severe dengue patients. In the present study, we investigated whether markers of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) can be used as differential diagnostic markers of severe dengue. Two hundred and eight confirmed dengue patients were recruited for the study. Sandwich ELISA was used to determine serum ferritin, soluble CD163 (sCD163), and soluble CD25 (sCD25) levels. The population of circulating CD163 (mCD163) monocytes was determined using flow cytometry...

Dengue has emerged as an important arboviral disease with significant impact on the disease burden in population residing in tropical countries. Dengue is spread by the bite of Aedes mosquito. The virus seems to have some hepatotoxic effects. Affliction of liver in form of derangements in the liver function tests is common and may include mild elevations in serum bilirubin, elevated transaminases and derangements in serum albumin. Although asymptomatic in most cases, clinical manifestations like jaundice, and acute liver failure (ALF) may occasionally complicate the clinical picture...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: Currently, no tests are available to monitor and predict severity and outcome of dengue. To find potential markers that predict dengue severity, the present study validated the serum level of three acute-phase proteins α-1 antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin and ferritin in a pool of severe dengue cases compared to non-severe forms and other febrile illness controls. METHODS: A total of 96 patients were divided into two equal groups with group 'A' comprising dengue-infected cases and group 'B' with other febrile illness cases negative for dengue...

BACKGROUND: During a dengue outbreak on the Caribbean island Aruba, highly elevated levels of ferritin were detected in dengue virus infected patients. Ferritin is an acute-phase reactant and hyperferritinaemia is a hallmark of diseases caused by extensive immune activation, such as haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hyperferritinaemia in dengue patients was associated with clinical markers of extensive immune activation and coagulation disturbances...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dengue fever (DF) is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. With growing population, rapid urbanization and lack of appropriate sanitary measures, proliferation of mosquitoes and subsequent dengue infections have increased rampantly with an estimated 30-fold increase in incidence over last five decades. With rising disease burden, atypical manifestations have increased as well, which are missed most often due to lack of awareness. Our aim was to look for the atypical manifestations of dengue fever...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: Hepatic dysfunction is common in dengue infection and the degree of liver dysfunction in children varies from mild injury with elevation of transaminases to severe injury with jaundice. This study was undertaken to assess the spectrum of hepatic involvement in dengue infection. METHODS: 110 children with serologically positive dengue fever aged between 2 months - 14 years were studied for their hepatic functions both clinically and biochemically after excluding malaria, enteric fever, Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B with relevant investigations...

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinico-epidemiological profile of children hospitalized with dengue illness. METHODS: Prospective study of children hospitalized with the diagnosis of dengue illness during from September through November 2006 at a tertiary care centre in Jaipur. RESULTS: A total of 948 children including 671 (70.8%) boys and 277 (29.2%) girls were diagnosed to have dengue illness during the outbreak. Two third of children were from urban areas while 6-12 years was the most commonly affected age group (45...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of ferritin, an acute-phase reactant, in predicting the risk of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in patients with dengue infection. One hundred seventy-seven Thai children (100 males, 77 females) 4-16 years old (median age 11 years) with DF (n = 44) and DHF (n = 133) were enrolled in the study. All patients had serologic confirmation of dengue infection. Each had a venous blood sample drawn daily during hospitalization and at the outpatient clinic 2-4 weeks after discharge from the hospital, to determine serum ferritin levels...