We have located links that may give you full text access.
Clinical Trial
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Dependence on smoking and the acoustic startle response in healthy smokers.
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 1998 April
Recent data from nicotine-dependent rats (14) and healthy smokers (18) would suggest that nicotine withdrawal modulates the acoustic startle reflex in a way similar to that of fear (5,20). We examined this directly using nonsmokers and healthy smokers who had no deprivation, brief deprivation (2-3 h), or prolonged deprivation (15 h). Groups differences in heart rate (HR), alveolar carbon monoxide (CO) levels, and desire and craving for cigarettes confirmed the presence of smoking withdrawal. However, there were no significant differences in the magnitude of the baseline startle response among the differently deprived smokers or between the smokers and the nonsmokers. Subsequent startle tests were carried out in the smokers during repeated sequences of preparing a cigarette for smoking (smoking cues) and then smoking. Whereas we did find statistically significant interactions of smoking deprivation with smoking cues and with renewed smoking, there was only weak confirmation of a priori predictions of motivational effects of smoking cues or of smoking. We conclude that smoking dependence may not affect the acoustic startle response itself; modulation seems to occur, but only after experience with the test situation. Discussed were possible mechanisms of this modulation in both humans and animals and further application of the startle response for providing interdisciplinary assessments of the motivational effects of nicotine withdrawal.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
Challenges in Septic Shock: From New Hemodynamics to Blood Purification Therapies.Journal of Personalized Medicine 2024 Februrary 4
Molecular Targets of Novel Therapeutics for Diabetic Kidney Disease: A New Era of Nephroprotection.International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2024 April 4
The 'Ten Commandments' for the 2023 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of endocarditis.European Heart Journal 2024 April 18
A Guide to the Use of Vasopressors and Inotropes for Patients in Shock.Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 2024 April 14
Diagnosis and Management of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation 2024 April 19
Essential thrombocythaemia: A contemporary approach with new drugs on the horizon.British Journal of Haematology 2024 April 9
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app