An update on peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis in the pediatric population.

Automated forms of peritoneal dialysis are used by the majority of children receiving chronic renal replacement therapy. Hemodialysis is performed in a smaller but substantial population of patients. Studies of peritoneal membrane solute transport conducted with exchange volumes standardized by body surface area reveal similar characteristics in children and adults. Target urea clearance and creatinine clearance values that define "adequate" dialysis for the pediatric peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis populations have not yet been determined. Limited data are available to characterize the ideal dialysis access, whereas the clinical complications of infection, growth retardation, and patient mortality receive a great deal of attention.