Concurrent cisplatin, etoposide, and radiotherapy for unresectable stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer: a phase II study.

PURPOSE: Prognosis of unresectable Stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with thoracic radiotherapy alone has been disappointing. In recent years, several Phase III trials have demonstrated encouraging results with induction chemotherapy, but with poor long-term local control. Concurrent cisplatin alone during the radiation therapy course has resulted in improved local control, but without efficacy on occult metastatic disease. Intensification of chemotherapy during radiation has the potential of improving both local control and metastasis-free survival. This Phase II study was undertaken to determine the feasibility, toxicity, response rate, local control, and survival of concurrent chemotherapy with cisplatin-etoposide and radiotherapy in unresectable Stage IIIA and IIIB nonsmall cell lung cancer.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between February 1992 and April 1993, 50 patients with either medically or technically inoperable Stage III NSCLC were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Thoracic radiotherapy was administered to a total dose of 60 Gy. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin 20 mg/m2/day plus etoposide 50 mg/m2/day, from day 1 through day 5, every 4 weeks for four cycles. Medically operable patients were evaluated for surgical resection after 45 Gy and two cycles of concurrent chemotherapy. All patients received an esophagitis preventive regimen.

RESULTS: Response rate was 84%, including 68% complete response. With a minimum follow-up of 23 months, overall survival was 70% at 1 year, 39.7% at 2 years, and 34.7% at 3 years. Median survival was 18 months. Age, performance status, histologic type and grade, and stage and tumor size, did not influence survival, with the exception of contralateral nodal involvement (p = 0.0055). Patients achieving a complete response (n = 34) had a 2-year survival of 58.4% compared to 0% for nonresponders (p < 0.0001). Patients who could benefit from surgery (n = 9) had a 2-year survival of 77.8% compared to 31.2% for nonoperated patients (p < 0.013). Seventeen patients (34%) are currently alive and free of disease. Actuarial local control was 63.4% at 1 year, and 58.5% at 2 and 3 years, respectively. Major hematologic toxicity occurred in 24% of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide at this dose level is a well tolerated outpatient regimen, which resulted in a high local control rate, and an encouraging survival at 1, 2, and 3 years. A direct comparison of this treatment schedule to induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, or concurrent chemoradiation therapy using cisplatin alone, appears warranted.