Clinical, biochemical and morphologic features of acne keloidalis in a black population.

BACKGROUND: Acne keloidalis (AK) is an important cause of morbidity in Nigeria and accounts for 1.3% of patients with skin conditions in a Nigerian dermatology clinic. Treatment is usually unsatisfactory because the etiopathogenesis is unclear.

METHODS: A prospective clinico-pathological study was carried out to identify predisposing factors, viable treatment modalities, and prognostic indicators.

RESULTS: The study suggested that AK is associated with the male gender seborrheic constitution, early reproductive years, and increased fasting blood testosterone concentration. Features that may predispose to the vastly predominant occipital location of the lesions include increased mast cell density and dilatation of dermal capillaries.

MANAGEMENT: The main aims are diagnosis of early papules and avoidance of physical and chemical traumatizing agents. Retinoic acid analogs and antiandrogens may be helpful.

CONCLUSIONS: The widespread use of irritating physical and chemical traditional treatment remedies and delay in seeking medical attention--AK is typically asymptomatic--contribute to the relatively advanced nature of the disease at the time of presentation to the specialist.