We have located links that may give you full text access.
CT diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma: sensitivity, findings, and CT-pathologic correlation.
AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology 1995 April
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of CT in detecting early hepatocellular carcinoma and to evaluate its CT appearance. An early hepatocellular carcinoma is a nodular lesion with no fibrous capsule composed of well-differentiated tumor histologically. It differs from a small hepatocellular carcinoma, which is an overt tumor that is moderately to poorly differentiated and has a fibrous capsule. Size is not a criterion for distinguishing between early and small hepatocellular carcinomas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with 39 histopathologically proved early hepatocellular carcinomas (mean diameter, 1.7 cm) found by sonography, MR imaging, and/or intraoperative sonography were included in a retrospective study. We reviewed unenhanced CT scans of the entire liver in 30 patients (37 lesions) and early and late (35 sec and 5 min after the beginning of injection of contrast material) contrast-enhanced CT scans of the entire liver in all 31 patients (table incremental CT in 21; helical CT in 10; 39 lesions). Eighteen histologically proved small hepatocellular carcinomas (< or = 3 cm; mean diameter, 2.3 cm), present in the same patients, served for comparison. Histopathologically, nine patients had chronic hepatitis, and 22 had cirrhosis.
RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of CT in detecting early hepatocellular carcinoma was 56%. These tumors were usually isodense with respect to surrounding liver on unenhanced, early enhanced, and late enhanced CT scans (iso-iso-iso). This pattern was seen in 17 (46%) of 37 lesions; thus, these 17 histologically proved early hepatocellular carcinomas were not detected with CT. An iso-iso-low density pattern was recognized in eight (22%), a low-low-low pattern in seven (19%), and several different patterns in five (13%) of the 37 lesions. Only two (5%) of 39 early hepatocellular carcinomas had a high-density appearance on early enhanced CT scans. In comparison, the most common pattern of small overt hepatocellular carcinomas on CT scans was low-high-low, seen in 17 lesions (94%) detected with CT. When the density of lesions on unenhanced CT scans was compared with the histopathologic appearance of the masses, low-density lesions showed mild to moderate fatty change and isodense lesions showed no or minimal fatty change (p = .006).
CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of CT in detecting early hepatocellular carcinoma is poor (56%). However, the diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma should be considered if CT scans show a small lesion with an iso-low or low-low density enhancement pattern on early and late contrast-enhanced CT scans, respectively, in patients with chronic liver disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with 39 histopathologically proved early hepatocellular carcinomas (mean diameter, 1.7 cm) found by sonography, MR imaging, and/or intraoperative sonography were included in a retrospective study. We reviewed unenhanced CT scans of the entire liver in 30 patients (37 lesions) and early and late (35 sec and 5 min after the beginning of injection of contrast material) contrast-enhanced CT scans of the entire liver in all 31 patients (table incremental CT in 21; helical CT in 10; 39 lesions). Eighteen histologically proved small hepatocellular carcinomas (< or = 3 cm; mean diameter, 2.3 cm), present in the same patients, served for comparison. Histopathologically, nine patients had chronic hepatitis, and 22 had cirrhosis.
RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of CT in detecting early hepatocellular carcinoma was 56%. These tumors were usually isodense with respect to surrounding liver on unenhanced, early enhanced, and late enhanced CT scans (iso-iso-iso). This pattern was seen in 17 (46%) of 37 lesions; thus, these 17 histologically proved early hepatocellular carcinomas were not detected with CT. An iso-iso-low density pattern was recognized in eight (22%), a low-low-low pattern in seven (19%), and several different patterns in five (13%) of the 37 lesions. Only two (5%) of 39 early hepatocellular carcinomas had a high-density appearance on early enhanced CT scans. In comparison, the most common pattern of small overt hepatocellular carcinomas on CT scans was low-high-low, seen in 17 lesions (94%) detected with CT. When the density of lesions on unenhanced CT scans was compared with the histopathologic appearance of the masses, low-density lesions showed mild to moderate fatty change and isodense lesions showed no or minimal fatty change (p = .006).
CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of CT in detecting early hepatocellular carcinoma is poor (56%). However, the diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma should be considered if CT scans show a small lesion with an iso-low or low-low density enhancement pattern on early and late contrast-enhanced CT scans, respectively, in patients with chronic liver disease.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
Challenges in Septic Shock: From New Hemodynamics to Blood Purification Therapies.Journal of Personalized Medicine 2024 Februrary 4
Molecular Targets of Novel Therapeutics for Diabetic Kidney Disease: A New Era of Nephroprotection.International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2024 April 4
The 'Ten Commandments' for the 2023 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of endocarditis.European Heart Journal 2024 April 18
A Guide to the Use of Vasopressors and Inotropes for Patients in Shock.Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 2024 April 14
Diagnosis and Management of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation 2024 April 19
Essential thrombocythaemia: A contemporary approach with new drugs on the horizon.British Journal of Haematology 2024 April 9
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app