Add like
Add dislike
Add to saved papers

Carpal dislocations: pathomechanics and progressive perilunar instability.

The pathomechanics, ligamentous damage, and degree of carpal instability in perilunate and lunate dislocations were analyzed by experimentally loading 32 cadaver wrists to failure. Thirteen perilunate and two lunate dislocations were produced. The mechanism of injury was extension, ulnar deviation, and intercarpal supination. These dislocations occurred in a sequential fashion due to progressive and specific ligamentous disruptions and were classified according to the degree of perilunar instability (PLI). Stage I perilunar instability (scapholunate diastasis) had the least degree of carpal instability. Lunate dislocations (stage IV PLI) had the highest degree of carpal instability. Radial styloid fractures were produced in seven as a result of avulsion. Scaphoid rotation was created in eight and was due to rupture of the radioscaphoid and scapholunate ligaments. Reduction was accomplished by reversing the mechanism of injury--that is, intercarpal pronation, radial deviation, and palmar flexion. Stress roentgenograms employing longitudinal carpal compression in radial and ulnar deviation were helpful in determining the degree of associated carpal instability.

Full text links

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app

Group 7SearchHeart failure treatmentPapersTopicsCollectionsEffects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Patients With Heart Failure Importance: Only 1 class of glucose-lowering agents-sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors-has been reported to decrease the risk of cardiovascular events primarily by reducingSeptember 1, 2017: JAMA CardiologyAssociations of albuminuria in patients with chronic heart failure: findings in the ALiskiren Observation of heart Failure Treatment study.CONCLUSIONS: Increased UACR is common in patients with heart failure, including non-diabetics. Urinary albumin creatininineJul, 2011: European Journal of Heart FailureRandomized Controlled TrialEffects of Liraglutide on Clinical Stability Among Patients With Advanced Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Review

Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app

Read by QxMD is copyright © 2021 QxMD Software Inc. All rights reserved. By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.

You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now

Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app