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Experience with steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the shoulder and etiologic considerations regarding osteonecrosis of the hip.

Nineteen of 97 patients with steroid-induced osteonecrosis had a lesion involving the head of the humerus, on one or both sides. The lesion usually began as a subchondral osteolytic area which often progresses to collapse. Articular cartilage separated from subchondral bone, either becoming detached as a free cap or at a later stage reattaching. Present evidence suggests that osteonecrosis of the femoral or humeral head should properly be classified as either traumatic (macrovascular injury) or embolic (microvascular injury) in nature. In 14 patients conservative treatment resulted in satisfactory function with only intermittent symptoms, and including pendulum exercises and avoidance of abduction, particularly against resistance. Five patients required replacement of 6 humeral head replacement arthroplasties with Neer's prosthesis.

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Group 7SearchHeart failure treatmentPapersTopicsCollectionsEffects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Patients With Heart Failure Importance: Only 1 class of glucose-lowering agents-sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors-has been reported to decrease the risk of cardiovascular events primarily by reducingSeptember 1, 2017: JAMA CardiologyAssociations of albuminuria in patients with chronic heart failure: findings in the ALiskiren Observation of heart Failure Treatment study.CONCLUSIONS: Increased UACR is common in patients with heart failure, including non-diabetics. Urinary albumin creatininineJul, 2011: European Journal of Heart FailureRandomized Controlled TrialEffects of Liraglutide on Clinical Stability Among Patients With Advanced Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Review

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