Impact of methamphetamine use on HIV and other health outcomes at an urban HIV medicine clinic.

BACKGROUND: The methamphetamine epidemic threatens progress towards ending the HIV epidemic in the United States. Further characterizing the prevalence and impact of methamphetamine use among people with HIV (PWH) is necessary to inform integrated HIV and methamphetamine treatment strategies.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review to characterize methamphetamine use among 3,092 PWH at an urban HIV Medicine clinic between July 1, 2022 and June 30, 2023. The Chi-squared test was utilized to assess for statistically significant differences in demographics and HIV and other health outcomes among PWH who use and do not use methamphetamine.

RESULTS: The prevalence of methamphetamine use among PWH in this cohort was 17%. PWH who used methamphetamine were more likely to be < 40 years of age, identify as White race, live in neighborhoods with low Healthy Places Index scores, identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual, report male sex with men (MSM), MSM and injection drug use (IDU), or IDU as HIV transmission risk factor, miss scheduled HIV primary care visits, and screen positive for hepatitis C virus antibody, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and major depressive disorder. PWH who use methamphetamine were also less likely to be virally suppressed and have a CD4 count ≥ 200 cells/mm3.

CONCLUSION: Methamphetamine use is prevalent among PWH at this urban HIV Medicine Clinic and is associated with worse HIV and other health outcomes which likely increase the risk of HIV transmission. The integration of methamphetamine use disorder treatment into HIV primary care is necessary to work toward ending the syndemics of methamphetamine and HIV.