Re-revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Causes, Risk Factors and Results.

The rate of re-revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) ranges between 4% and 10%, depending on the cause of the procedure. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and periprosthetic fracture are the main causes of re-revision TKA. The likelihood of implant survival of re-revision TKA diminishes with each subsequent revision, with PJI being the main cause of multiple revisions. Acute early aseptic revision TKA (within 90 days of surgery) involves a high risk of re-revision at 2 years and a high risk of subsequent PJI. The use of antibiotic-loaded cement is associated with lower risk of re-revision. Patients younger than 50 years experiencing aseptic revision TKA have a 1 in 3 risk of re-revision. Patients revised for instability or having prior TKA revisions have the highest risk of re-revision at 10 years. Patients younger than 55 years experiencing revision TKA have a 5-year revision-free survival of 80%.