Assessment of oral hygiene and quality of life of children with autism spectrum disorder and their caregivers: an observational clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the degrees of dependence and presence of bacterial plaque in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the quality of life (QoL) of children and their caregivers.

METHOD AND MATERIALS: This is a cross-sectional observational study. This study included one hundred and nineteen individuals with ASD and their caregivers. Data were collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire, WHOQOL-Bref, and Burden Interview to measure QoL and caregiver burden, respectively. The Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Imagé questionnaire, adapted in game format, was applied to verify QoL in children with ASD. An oral clinical examination evaluated the visible plaque index. The collected data were tabulated and organized for statistical analysis with a significance level of 5%.

RESULTS: It was observed that 52% of the children had a severity of ASD level 1, 70% were dependent on general activities, and 65% were dependent on oral hygiene. Of the 77 children who thoroughly answered the questionnaire about their QoL, 64.9% had good QoL, and 35.1% had scores below 48, that is, low QoL. In general, the caregivers generally presented QoL with a rate of 60.95 (good) points on the scale. It was observed that gingival bleeding greater than 30% is 2 (ASD 2 + ASD 3) to 3 (ASD 3) times more likely to occur in patients who have higher levels of ASD (p˂0.004).

CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the QoL of individuals with ASD was good, that most children depend on their daily activities and oral hygiene, and that they showed reasonable plaque control. On the other hand, the caregivers presented low QoL and moderate burden.