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Identification of Intervention Characteristics within Diabetes Prevention Programs using the TIDieR: a Scoping Review.

AIM: Diabetes prevention programs targeting dietary and physical activity behavior change have been shown to decrease the incidence of type 2 diabetes; however, more thorough reporting of intervention characteristics is needed to expedite the translation of such programs into different communities. This scoping review aims to synthesize how diabetes prevention programs are being reported and implemented.

METHODS: A scoping review following the Arkey and O'Malley methods was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus were searched for studies relating to diabetes prevention, and diet/exercise interventions. Only studies delivering a diet/exercise intervention among adults identified as "at risk" for developing type 2 diabetes were included. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) was used to guide data extraction, and each DPP was scored on a scale from 0 to 2 for how thoroughly it reported each of the items (0 = did not report; 2 = reported in full; total score /26).

RESULTS: Of the 25,110 publications screened, 351 publications (based on 220 programs) met the inclusion criteria and were included for data extraction. No studies comprehensively reported on all TIDieR domains (mean TIDieR score = 15.7/26; range 7 to 25). Reporting was particularly poor among domains related to 'modifications', 'tailoring', and 'how well (planned/actual)'. "How well (planned)" assesses the intended delivery of an intervention, detailing the initial strategies and components as per the original design, while "how well (actual)" evaluates the extent to which the intervention was executed as planned during the study, including any deviations or modifications made in practice.

CONCLUSIONS: While there is evidence to suggest that diabetes prevention programs are efficacious, more thorough reporting of program content and delivery is needed to improve the ability for effective programs to be implemented or translated into different communities.

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