Allergen Differences and Correlation Analysis in Siblings Diagnosed with Respiratory Allergic Diseases.

INTRODUCTION: Many parents of children with allergies are worried whether their subsequent children will have allergic reactions to the same allergens. Much of the current research on sibling allergens has been focused on twins; however, in real life, very few children are twins. Our study provides an opportunity to initially explore the sensitivity to allergens in siblings diagnosed with respiratory allergic diseases.

METHODS: Siblings diagnosed with bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis in the Outpatient Department of Allergy Department of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were selected. The siblings were divided into elder group and younger group. Data of gender, age, feeding history, serum total IgE (TIgE), absolute eosinophil counts, and allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) were collected and analyzed. The sIgEs of allergens were divided into six categories and analyzed.

RESULTS: A total of 98 sibling pairs of patients were included in this study. There were no differences in the positive rates of the different types of allergens, TIgE values, and the absolute eosinophil values between the elder and younger groups and between different genders. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the elder siblings allergic to dust mites, fungi, weed pollens, or food had a statistically significant increased risk of having their younger sibling sensitive to these types of allergens (all p <0.05), and the risk of allergy to dust mites, weed pollens, and tree pollens of younger group increased with age (all p <0.05). Except for the sIgE values of dust mites, the sIgE values of the other allergens were significantly correlated between the two groups (all p <0.05).

CONCLUSION: The positive rates of different allergens were similar between siblings. Elder siblings with dust mites, fungi, weed pollen, or food allergen positivity will have younger siblings sensitive to the same types of allergens.