Preclinical models to understand the biology and to discover new targets in brain metastases.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Incidence of brain metastases increases overtime therefore it is important to rapidly progress in the discovery of new strategies of treatment for these patients. In consequence, more and more preclinical models of brain metastases (BM) are established to study new treatments for melanoma, lung, and breast cancer BM. Here, we reviewed the most recent findings of new drugs assessed in BM mouse preclinical models.

RECENT FINDINGS: BM are a common metastatic site of several types of solid cancers and can be difficult to treat due to the unique environment of the brain and the blood-brain barrier. Currently, several preclinical models of BM have been demonstrated that new molecular targeted therapies, small metabolic inhibitors, immunotherapies or a combination of these drugs with radiotherapy lead to a reduction of BM growth and an improvement of mouse survival.

SUMMARY: The use of preclinical models of BM is crucial to discover new treatment strategies for patients with BM. In the last years, some new drugs have been highlighted in preclinical models and are now tested in clinical trials including patients with brain metastases.