U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and CKD in US adults: data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2014.

Introduction Short and long sleep durations have been associated with adverse health outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the association between self-reported sleep duration and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population on the basis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Methods A total of 28,239 adults aged ≥18 years who participated in the 2005-2014 NHANES were analyzed. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or urinary albumin/urine creatinine ratio ≥300 mg/g. Very short sleepers and short sleepers were defined as those who sleep ≤5 h or 5.1-6.9 h per day, respectively. Long sleepers and very long sleepers were defined as those who sleep 9.0-10.9h or ≥11h per day, respectively. Normal sleepers were defined as those who sleep 7.0-8.9h. The association between sleep duration and CKD was assessed using logistic regression model. Results Very short(≤5h) sleep duration was associated with higher odds of CKD (multiadjusted OR, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 1.62 comparing mormal categories of 7.0-8.9h; P trend0.01), after adjusting for potential confounders. Participants with long(9-10.9h) sleep duration also tended to have a higher odds of CKD (multiadjusted OR, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 1.61 comparing normal categories of 7.0-8.9h; P trend0.01). This risk was further increased to those whose sleep duration exceeding 11 hours (multiadjusted OR, 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.64 to 3.37 comparing mormal categories of 7.0-8.9; P trend0.01). However, there was no statistically significant association between short (≤6.0-7.9 h) sleep duration and CKD (multiadjusted OR, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.96 to 1.14 comparing normal categories of 7.0-8.9h; P trend0.32). Conclusion We demonstrated that the higher CKD prevalence estimates were found in very short(≤5h) and long(9.0-10.9h) sleep durations in an apparently healthy population aged ≥18 years in the united states. This prevalence of CKD is further increased to those whose sleep duration exceeding11 hours. Our cross-sectional analyses clarified the U-shaped temporal relationship between sleep duration and CKD.