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Level of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Associated Factors Among People Living with HIV in the Context of Early Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Wolaita Sodo Town, Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study.

Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is WHO recommendation to fasten viral suppression and for prevention of further viral transmission sexually. There is no evidence showing the level of adherence to ART after initiation of the universal test and treat (UTT) strategy in Ethiopia, including study area. This study was aimed to determine the level of ART adherence and associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients in context of UTT strategy. A health facility-based study was conducted on 352 people living with HIV who started their ART follow-up after application of UTT strategy in Ethiopia from April 15 to June 5, 2020. Systematic random sampling method was used to select the study participants. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data and the collected data were entered directly in to SPSS version 21 and analyzed. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out. Strength and direction of association was determined by using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval. The total 352 participants included the study. The overall level of adherence was 290 (82.4%). Commonly used ART regimen was TDF +3TC+EFV, 201 (57.1%). In bivariate analysis, type of health institutions, crude odds ratio (COR) = 2.934 (1.388-6.200), age level of 18-27 years, COR = 0.357 (0.133-0.959), current viral load of 3log scale, COR = 0.357 (0.133-0.959), and change of ART medication, COR = 8.088 (1.973-33.165) were associated with medication adherence. Health institution type AOR = 2.615 (1.147-5.9600) and change of ART medication, AOR = 7.267 (1.683-31.384) were independent predictors of ART adherence. Low level of ART adherence was detected in this study. It was below the recommended good adherence standard and 90-90-90 target strategy. Therefore, patients should get adequate and comprehensive ART adherence counseling before initiation of ART treatment and during the follow-up time.

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