Closed Incision Negative Pressure Therapy Versus Standard of Care Over Closed Plastic Surgery Incisions in the Reduction of Surgical Site Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies.

BACKGROUND: Surgical site complications (SSCs) are not uncommon in plastic surgery procedures due to characteristics of the incisions and the patients undergoing such procedures. Closed incision negative pressure therapy (ciNPT) has been used to manage surgical incisions across surgical specialties. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the impact of ciNPT on risk of SSCs following plastic surgery.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to identify studies published between January 2005 and July 2021 comparing ciNPT versus traditional standard of care (SOC) dressings for patients undergoing plastic surgery. Meta-analyses were performed using a random effects model. A cost analysis was conducted using inputs from the meta-analysis and cost estimates from a national hospital database.

RESULTS: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. In the 11 studies that evaluated the effect of ciNPT on of SSCs, ciNPT use was associated with a significant reduction in risk of SSC ( P < .001). ciNPT use was also associated with reduced risk of dehiscence ( P = .001) and skin necrosis ( P =.002) and improved scar quality ( P = .014). Hospital length of stay was decreased by an average of 0.61 days for patients receiving ciNPT ( P < .001). There were no differences in observed risk of SSIs ( P = .113) and seromas ( P = .143). While not statistically significant, a decrease in rate of reoperations ( P = .074), fluid volume removed from the drains ( P = .069) and drain days (-1.97 days, P = .093) was observed with ciNPT use. The estimated cost savings attributed to ciNPT use was $904 (USD) per patient.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that ciNPT may reduce the incidence of SSCs and related health care utilization and costs in plastic surgery procedures.