Comparative study of piroxicam and nitroglycerin on prostaglandin-modulated blood and electrolyte indices during di-estrous in female Wistar Rats.

OBJECTIVE: Endogenous prostaglandins are involved in hemostasis, renal excretion of electrolytes, and implicated in dysmenorrhea. Piroxicam and Nitroglycerin are common drugs used in treating dysmenorrhea by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase pathway involved in prostaglandin production. However, studies comparing the effects of these drugs on prostaglandin-modulated hemostasis and renal function are lacking.

METHODS: Fifteen female rats (120-160g) were divided into 3 groups (20 per group), namely Control (distilled water, 0.3 mL), Piroxicam treated (3mg/kg) and Nitroglycerin treated (1 mg/kg). Di-estrous phase was confirmed in animals in each group using the Pipette smear method. Treatment was administered for 4 days covering the estrous cycle. Bleeding and clotting time were assessed and blood concentrations of sodium, potassium, urea and platelet counts were evaluated in all phases. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls post-hoc test. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.0.

RESULTS: The nitroglycerin-treated group showed significant increases in blood potassium during di-estrous while the piroxicam-treated group showed significant increases in blood potassium, urea and clotting time with a significant decrease in sodium levels during di-estrous compared to controls. Results obtained in other phases were not significant compared to controls.

CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that Nitroglycerin produces minimum alteration of blood and electrolyte indices compared to piroxicam during di-estrous.