Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease Increases Risk of Perioperative Following Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with worse survival following abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. However, little is known about the impact of PAD and sex on outcomes following open infrarenal AAA repair (OAR).

METHODS: All elective open infrarenal AAA cases were queried from the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative from 2003 to 2022. PAD was defined as history of non-cardiac arterial bypass, non-coronary percutaneous vascular intervention (PVI), or non-traumatic major amputation. Cohorts were stratified by sex and history of PAD. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox Proportional Hazards models were constructed to assess the primary endpoints: 30-day and five-year mortality, respectively.

RESULTS: Of 4,910 patients who underwent elective OAR, 3,421 (69.7%) were men without PAD, 298 (6.1%) were men with PAD, 1,098 (22.4%) were women without PAD, and 93 (1.9%) were women with PAD. Men with PAD had prior bypass (45%), PVI (62%), and amputation (6.7%). Women with PAD had prior bypass (32%), PVI (76%), and amputation (5.4%). Thirty-day mortality was significantly higher in men with PAD compared to men without PAD (4.4% vs 1.7%, p=0.001) and in women with PAD compared to women without PAD (7.5% vs 2.4%, p=0.01). After risk adjustment, when compared to men without PAD, women with PAD had nearly four-times the odds of 30-day mortality (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.55-9.64, p=0.004) and men with PAD had almost three-times the odds of 30-day mortality (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.42 - 5.40, p=0.003). Five-year survival was 87.8% in men without PAD, 77.8% in men with PAD, 85% in women without PAD and 76.2% in women with PAD, p<0.001. After risk adjustment, only men with PAD had an increased hazard of death at 5 years (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.07-2.17, p=0.019) compared to men without PAD.

CONCLUSION: PAD is a potent risk factor for increased perioperative mortality in both men and women following OAR. In women, this equates to nearly four times the odds of perioperative mortality compared to men without PAD. Future study evaluating risk/benefit is needed to determine if women with PAD reflect a high-risk cohort that may benefit from a more conservative OAR threshold for treatment.