Genome-wide association studies in advanced prostate cancer: KYUCOG-1401-A study.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been widely used for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. However, prognosis and adverse events vary among patients. This study aimed to identify genetic markers able to predict the outcome of ADT. Japanese patients treated with primary ADT for advanced prostate cancer in the KYUCOG-1401 trial were enrolled as a development set. A distinct population of advanced prostate cancer cases treated with ADT was included as a validation set. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with radiographic progression-free survival (PFS) at 1 year and adverse events including de novo diabetes mellitus, arthralgia, and de novo dyslipidemia were identified in the development set by a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The SNPs associated with radiographic PFS in the development study were then genotyped in the validation set. GWAS followed by validation identified SNPs (rs76237622 in PRR27 and rs117573572 in MTAP) that were associated with overall survival in ADT. A genetic prognostic model using these SNPs showed excellent predictive efficacy for PFS and overall survival in ADT. In addition, GWAS showed that several SNPs were associated with de novo diabetes mellitus, arthralgia, and de novo dyslipidemia in ADT. This study identified novel multiple SNPs that correlated with outcomes in ADT. Future studies on correlations affecting the therapeutic efficacy of ADT-based combination therapies would make a valuable contribution to the development of personalized medicine.