Prevalence, hematological parameters, and coagulation profiles: Cardiovascular diseases statistics in the Asir region, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) types in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia and the importance of hematological testing for CVD patients in the context of disease management.

METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 416 CVD patients, and samples were divided based the type of CVD. The Mann Whitney U test was used to compare patients' hematological markers and coagulation profiles to those of healthy controls.

RESULTS: The rate of ischemic heart disease (IHD) was 80.7% that of other CVDs, and the rate of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was 37.3% the rate of CVD. Significant differences were observed in the hematological and coagulation parameters of CVD patients compared to the control group. White blood cells (WBC) were significantly higher in STEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), unstable angina (UA), and heart failure (HF) groups. Red blood cells (RBC) were significantly lower in STEMI, NSTEMI, UA, chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), HF, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Red distribution width (RDW) was significantly greater in the HF, DCM, and ICM groups. Prothrombin time (PT) was significantly higher in the STEMI, HF, and DCM groups.

CONCLUSION: ST-elevation myocardial infarction has a higher prevalence rate among CVD patients in the Asir region. Both coagulation and hematological indicators have high potential utility as CVD diagnostic and prognostic markers.