HIV medical care interruption among people living with HIV in Spain, 2004-2020.

OBJECTIVE: We estimated the incidence rate of HIV medical care interruption (MCI) and its evolution over a 16 year-period, and identified associated risk factors among HIV-positive individuals from the CoRIS cohort in 2004-2020.

DESIGN: We included antiretroviral-naive individuals aged≥18 years at enrolment, recruited between January 1, 2004, and August 30, 2019, and followed-up until November 30, 2020.

METHODS: Individuals with any time interval >15 months between two visits were defined as having a MCI. We calculated the incidence rate (IR) of having at least one MCI and used multivariable Poisson regression models to identify associated risk factors.

RESULTS: Of 15,274 individuals, 5,481 (35.9%) had at least one MCI. Of those, 2,536 (46.3%) returned to HIV care after MCI and 3,753 (68.5%) were lost to follow-up at the end of the study period. The incidence rate (IR) of MCI was 7.2/100 person-years (95%CI: 7.0-7.4)]. The annual IR gradually decreased from 20.5/100 py (95%CI: 16.4-25.6) in 2004 to 4.9/100 py (95%CI: 4.4-5.5) in 2014, a slight increase was observed between 2015 and 2018, reaching 9.3/100 py (95% CI: 8.6-10.2) in 2019. Risk factors for MCI included younger age, lower educational level, having contracted HIV infection through injecting drug use or heterosexual intercourse, having been born outside of Spain, and CD4 count > 200 cell/μL, viral load <100,000 and co-infection with hepatitis C virus at enrolment.

CONCLUSIONS: Around a third of individuals had at least one MCI during the follow-up. Identified predictors of MCI can help health workers to target and support most vulnerable individuals.