Treatment options for endometrial hypoproliferation.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Endometrial hypoproliferation refers to the failure of the endometrium to reach optimal thickness during fresh or frozen embryo transfer cycles in women undergoing infertility treatment with in-vitro fertilization (IVF). This review discusses the treatment options for endometrial hypoproliferation.

RECENT FINDINGS: Apart from factors related to the embryo quality, ultrasonographic findings associated with the endometrium, such as endometrial thickness, endometrial pattern and subendometrial blood flow, are considered key factors associated with the outcome of assisted reproductive treatment. To date, a consensus has not been reached regarding the definition of thin endometrium, while thresholds of 6, 7 or 8 mm have been used in the literature. Strategies to increase endometrial thickness can be reviewed in three groups: endocrine approaches, vitamins & supplements, and new experimental therapeutic interventions. Some of the recently introduced experimental therapeutic interventions such as platelet-rich plasma injection, stem cell treatment and tissue bioengineering are exciting potential therapies that need to be further studied.

SUMMARY: Despite a large number of publications on the topic, diagnosing and treating endometrial hypoproliferation remains a challenge. Well designed studies are needed to establish a widely accepted endometrial thickness cut-off value below which endometrial hypoproliferation is diagnosed and to generate meaningful data that would allow an evidence-based discussion of available therapeutic options with patients.