Association between neuromuscular blocking agents and the development of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW): A systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

BACKGROUND: The present study aims to review the literature and synthesize evidence concerning the effects of the use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) regarding the development of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW).

METHODS: This study was registered in the PROSPERO database CRD42020142916. Systematic review in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central, Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and cohort studies with adults that reported the use of NMBA and the development of ICU-AW were included. Pre-specified subgroup analyses were performed for presence of sepsis and type of NMBA used. The quality of evidence for intervention effects was summarized. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.

RESULTS: We included 30 studies, four RCTs, 21 prospective and 5 retrospective cohorts, enrolling a total of 3839 patients. Most of the included studies were observational with high heterogeneity, whereas the RCTs had a high risk of bias. The use of NMBA increased the odds of developing ICU-AW (OR = 2.77 [95% CI 1.98-3.88], I2  = 62%), with low-quality of evidence. A trial sequential analysis showed the need to include 22,330 patients in order to provide evidence for either beneficial or harmful intervention effects.

CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that the use of NMBA might be implicated in the development of ICU-AW. However, there is not enough evidence to definitively conclude about the association between the use of NMBA and the development of ICU-AW, as these results are based mostly on observational studies with high heterogeneity.