Behavioural medicine theory-based intervention strategies for promoting oral health.

OBJECTIVES: The field of Behavioural Medicine offers strategies that can minimize the need for more intensive medical treatments and can improve outcomes of these treatments and adherence to medication prescriptions or postsurgical recommendations. Thus, this paper provides scientific evidence and examples of behavioural and motivational strategies for improving adherence to oral health recommendations.

METHODS: Increasing evidence from randomized controlled trials suggests that improving self-regulation, autonomous motivation and social environmental supports for adherence are critical for improving a wide range of behaviours including oral health behaviours. Theory-based interventions including Social Cognitive Theory (behavioural strategies) and Self-determination theory (motivational strategies) are described and examples of their effectiveness are provided specific to oral health outcomes.

RESULTS: Social Cognitive Theory provides a framework for building skills and self-efficacy (self-confidence, competence, mastery and self-regulation) through developing action plans that target goal setting, monitoring and positive feedback within the context of providing support. Behavioural strategies, including self-monitoring, goal setting and skill building, are all important elements for promoting long-term lifestyle changes by targeting increases in self-efficacy and mastery (self-confidence and self-regulation skills). Motivational interviewing and positive communication strategies are also discussed specific to improving oral health outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: In sum, behavioural medicine provides an opportunity and framework for supporting patients/individuals to achieve changes in target health behaviours, including oral health recommendations.