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Characteristics of de novo cancer in liver transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Liver transplant recipients receive immunosuppressive treatment to avoid organ rejection, increasing the risk of developing de novo cancer after transplantation. We investigated the cumulative incidence of de novo cancer in a cohort of Danish liver transplant recipients.

PATIENTS/MATERIAL/ANIMALS AND METHODS: The study was a retrospective cohort study of adult liver transplant recipients transplanted at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, between January 1st , 2010 and December 31st , 2019. De novo cancer was defined as cancer arising at least 30 days after liver transplantation, excluding relapses from prior cancers and donor-derived cancers. We determined the incidence of de novo cancer in the cohort using the Aalen-Johansen estimator, with death and retransplantation as competing risks.

RESULTS: We included 389 liver transplant recipients and identified 47 recipients (12%) with de novo cancer after liver transplantation, including 25 recipients with non-melanoma skin cancers. The cumulative incidences at five years after liver transplantation for all cancers and for non-skin cancers were 10.7% and 4.9%, respectively.

INTERPRETATION: De novo cancer after liver transplantation is relatively common, with the majority being non-melanoma skin cancer. Future studies of sufficient size are needed to identify risk factors for de novo cancer after liver transplantation.

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