Description of antimicrobial resistance patterns at the National Institute of Hygiene of Lome in Togo.

The monitoring of antimicrobial resistance is becoming a priority mainly in developing countries in order to control the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria strains. This study evaluated the antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria isolated at the National Institute of Hygiene in Togo. Lab records from January 2013 to December 2015 were examined. A total of 33,147 samples were analyzed. Among them, vaginal swabs and urines were more represented with 38.17% and 33.24% respectively. 3,497 Gram-positive and 1,970 Gram-negative bacterial strains were cultured. Enterobacteriaceae (57.6%), Staphylococcus spp. (21.1%) and Streptococcus spp (10.5%) were more isolated. Escherichia coli was resistant over the three years to piperacillin (79.66%, 75.1%, 83%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (79.3%, 82%, 82.8%), ticarcillin (89%, 89.7%, 93%) and amoxicillin (94.1%, 94%, 96.09%); whereas Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to penicillin G. Streptococcaceae isolates was resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (78.11-87.1%), tetracycline (82.2-91.16%) and norfloxacin (86.16-94.3%). Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from urines were more resistant to antibiotics than those isolated from vaginal swabs. There is a need to develop new strategies in order to fight against the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria in Togo.