Association of Cytomegalovirus Infection with Lenticulostriate Stroke After Mild Head Trauma in Young Children.

The development of lenticulostriate stroke following mild head trauma accounts for 3% of traumatic brain injuries in children. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of infantile lenticulostriate stroke with lenticulostriate calcification is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the association of a recent viral infection with the development of infantile lenticulostriate stroke with lenticulostriate calcification following mild head trauma in children. We examined the records for 49 children (<36 months old) diagnosed with infantile stroke following mild head trauma at the First Hospital of Jilin University between January 2007 and August 2019. The demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, and laboratory and imaging results were collected and analyzed. Antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus in the patient sera were assessed. A total of 18 patients with lenticulostriate stroke and calcification were included in the Patient group (16.61 ± 10.57 months), and 14 patients without calcification were included in the Control group (13.07 ± 7.66 months). Imaging findings demonstrated the presence of lenticulostriate stroke in all patients. There were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics or clinical manifestations of stroke between both groups ( P  > .05). Similarly, no significant differences were observed in the Epstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus-1 antibody positivity in both groups. In contrast, cytomegalovirus antibody was significantly more abundant in the Patient group ( P  < .05). All patients were hospitalized for conservative treatment with favorable prognoses. Our results suggest that cytomegalovirus infection may be associated with the development of lenticulostriate strokes in pediatric patients following minor head injury.