We have located links that may give you full text access.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Emergency Front-of-Neck Airway Rescue Via the Cricothyroid Membrane: A High-Resolution Computed Tomography Study of Airway Anatomy in Adults.
Anesthesia and Analgesia 2021 July 2
BACKGROUND: Emergency front-of-neck airway rescue is recommended in a can't intubate, can't oxygenate clinical scenario. Cannula cricothyroidotomy has been reported as having a high failure rate. Our primary aim was to estimate the angle of the trachea in relation to the horizontal axis in a simulated emergency front-of-neck airway rescue position. Our secondary aims were to estimate the optimal cannula angle of approach and evaluate the anatomical relationship of the cricothyroid membrane (CTM) to adjacent structures. We also assessed whether the CTM lies above or below the neck midpoint, a point equidistant from the suprasternal notch (SSN), and the chin surface landmarks. All measurements were compared between the male and female subjects.
METHODS: Subjects having elective computed tomography of their thorax were consented to have extension of the computed tomography to include their neck. A preliminary radiation dose and risk assessment deemed the additional radiation to be of very low risk (level IIa). Subjects were positioned supinely on the computed tomography table. Standard neck extension was achieved by placing a pillow under the scapulae and a rolled towel under the neck to simulate emergency front-of-neck airway rescue positioning.
RESULTS: Fifty-two subjects were included in this study: 31 men and 21 women. The mean angle of the trachea in relation to the horizontal axis was 25.5° (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.8-29.1) in men and 14.0° (95% CI, 11.5-16.5) in women. The mean minimum angles required for hypothetical cannula cricothyroidotomy for men and women were 55.2° (95% CI, 51.8-58.7) and 50.5° (95% CI, 45.4-55.6), respectively. The CTM was located lower in the neck in men compared to women. The CTM was located below the neck midpoint in 30 of 30 (100%) male subjects and 11 of 20 (55%) female subjects (P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: The trachea angulates posteriorly in a simulated emergency front-of-neck airway rescue position in supine subjects and to a greater degree in men compared to women (P < .001). The minimum angle required for hypothetical cannula cricothyroidotomy was >45° in the majority (75%) of subjects studied. A steeper cannula angle of approach may be more reliable and warrants further clinical study. If airway anatomy is indistinct and performing a vertical scalpel cricothyroidotomy, consideration should be given to performing this incision lower in the neck in men compared to women.
METHODS: Subjects having elective computed tomography of their thorax were consented to have extension of the computed tomography to include their neck. A preliminary radiation dose and risk assessment deemed the additional radiation to be of very low risk (level IIa). Subjects were positioned supinely on the computed tomography table. Standard neck extension was achieved by placing a pillow under the scapulae and a rolled towel under the neck to simulate emergency front-of-neck airway rescue positioning.
RESULTS: Fifty-two subjects were included in this study: 31 men and 21 women. The mean angle of the trachea in relation to the horizontal axis was 25.5° (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.8-29.1) in men and 14.0° (95% CI, 11.5-16.5) in women. The mean minimum angles required for hypothetical cannula cricothyroidotomy for men and women were 55.2° (95% CI, 51.8-58.7) and 50.5° (95% CI, 45.4-55.6), respectively. The CTM was located lower in the neck in men compared to women. The CTM was located below the neck midpoint in 30 of 30 (100%) male subjects and 11 of 20 (55%) female subjects (P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: The trachea angulates posteriorly in a simulated emergency front-of-neck airway rescue position in supine subjects and to a greater degree in men compared to women (P < .001). The minimum angle required for hypothetical cannula cricothyroidotomy was >45° in the majority (75%) of subjects studied. A steeper cannula angle of approach may be more reliable and warrants further clinical study. If airway anatomy is indistinct and performing a vertical scalpel cricothyroidotomy, consideration should be given to performing this incision lower in the neck in men compared to women.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment.Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society 2024 April 12
Proximal versus distal diuretics in congestive heart failure.Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 2024 Februrary 30
Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in chronic insomnia: A review of clinical guidelines and case reports.Mental Health Clinician 2023 October
World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification of eosinophilic disorders: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management.American Journal of Hematology 2024 March 30
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app