We have located links that may give you full text access.
Total glycosides from stems of Cistanche tubulosa alleviate depression-like behaviors: bidirectional interaction of the phytochemicals and gut microbiota.
Phytomedicine 2021 March
BACKGROUND: As the most frequently used kidney-yang tonifying herb in traditional Chinese medicine, dried succulent stems of Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight (CT) have been shown to be effective in the treatment of depression. However, the antidepressant components and their underlying mechanism remain unclear.
PURPOSE: To explore the active components of CT against depression, as well as the potential mechanisms.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Behavioral despair tests were used to assess the antidepressant activities of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and different glycoside-enriched fractions separated from CT, as well as the typical gut microbiota metabolites including 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3-HPP) and hydroxytyrosol (HT). Furthermore, the effects of bioactive fractions and metabolites on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model were explored with multiple pharmacodynamics and biochemical analyses. Changes in colonic histology and the intestinal barrier were observed by staining and immunohistochemical analysis. Gut microbial features and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism were explored using 16S rRNA sequencing and western-blotting, respectively.
RESULTS: Total glycosides (TG) dramatically alleviated depression-like behaviors compared to different separated fractions, reflecting in the synergistic effects of phenylethanoid and iridoid glycosides on the hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, severe neuro- and peripheral inflammation, and deficiencies in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus. Moreover, TG mitigated low-grade inflammation in the colon and intestinal barrier disruption, and the abundances of several bacterial genera highly correlated with the HPA axis and inflammation in CUMS rats. Consistently, the expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in the colon was significantly reduced after TG administration, accompanied by the suppression of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism. On the other hand, HT also exerted a marked antidepressant effect by ameliorating HPA axis function, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism, while it was unable to largely adjust the disordered gut microbiota in the same manner as TG. Surprisingly, superior to fluoxetine, TG and HT could further improve dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and abnormal cyclic nucleotide metabolism.
CONCLUSION: TG are primarily responsible for the antidepressant activity of CT; its effect might be achieved through the bidirectional interaction of the phytochemicals and gut microbiota, and reflect the advantage of CT in the treatment of depression.
PURPOSE: To explore the active components of CT against depression, as well as the potential mechanisms.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Behavioral despair tests were used to assess the antidepressant activities of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and different glycoside-enriched fractions separated from CT, as well as the typical gut microbiota metabolites including 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3-HPP) and hydroxytyrosol (HT). Furthermore, the effects of bioactive fractions and metabolites on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model were explored with multiple pharmacodynamics and biochemical analyses. Changes in colonic histology and the intestinal barrier were observed by staining and immunohistochemical analysis. Gut microbial features and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism were explored using 16S rRNA sequencing and western-blotting, respectively.
RESULTS: Total glycosides (TG) dramatically alleviated depression-like behaviors compared to different separated fractions, reflecting in the synergistic effects of phenylethanoid and iridoid glycosides on the hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, severe neuro- and peripheral inflammation, and deficiencies in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus. Moreover, TG mitigated low-grade inflammation in the colon and intestinal barrier disruption, and the abundances of several bacterial genera highly correlated with the HPA axis and inflammation in CUMS rats. Consistently, the expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in the colon was significantly reduced after TG administration, accompanied by the suppression of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism. On the other hand, HT also exerted a marked antidepressant effect by ameliorating HPA axis function, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism, while it was unable to largely adjust the disordered gut microbiota in the same manner as TG. Surprisingly, superior to fluoxetine, TG and HT could further improve dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and abnormal cyclic nucleotide metabolism.
CONCLUSION: TG are primarily responsible for the antidepressant activity of CT; its effect might be achieved through the bidirectional interaction of the phytochemicals and gut microbiota, and reflect the advantage of CT in the treatment of depression.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
Proximal versus distal diuretics in congestive heart failure.Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 2024 Februrary 30
World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification of eosinophilic disorders: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management.American Journal of Hematology 2024 March 30
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment.Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society 2024 April 12
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app