Neonatal brachial plexus palsy: associated birth injury outcomes, hospital length of stay and costs.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the birth injury outcomes and hospital length of stay and costs among newborns delivered at 34-42 weeks with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) versus those without.

STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study using data from the National Inpatient Sample to identify all newborns hospitalizations that occurred in the U.S. between 2016 and 2017. We included non-anomalous single liveborn delivered in-hospital at 34-42 weeks. The newborns with NBPP were identified by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Birth injury outcomes, and hospital length of stay and hospital costs were examined. A multivariable Poisson regression model with robust error variance was used to examine the association between NBPP and birth injury outcomes. A multivariable generalized linear regression model was used to examine the association between NBPP and hospital length of stay and hospital costs.

RESULTS: Of 7,019,722 non-anomalous single liveborn delivered at 34-42 weeks in the U.S. from 2016 to 2017, the rate of NBPP ( n  = 6695) was 0.95 per 1000 newborn hospitalizations. After multivariable regression adjustment, compared to newborns without NBPP, the risk of the composite birth injury outcome was 2.91 (95% CI 2.61-3.25) times higher in those with NBPP. Similar results of an increased risk among newborns with NBPP were observed in all individual birth injury outcomes. Compared to newborns without NBPP, after adjustment, the hospital length of stay was 1.48 (95% IC 1.38-1.59) times higher and the hospital costs were 2.21 (95% CI 1.97-2.48) times higher in those with NBPP.

CONCLUSIONS: Among newborns delivered at 34-42 weeks, the risk of associated birth injuries, hospital length of stay and costs, were significantly higher in newborns with NBPP than those without.