Surgical strategies for pre- and minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma 3.0: lessons learned from the optimal timing of surgical intervention.

We discuss the optimal timing of surgery for lung cancer, and propose three surgical strategies for pre- and minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma to avoid "overdiagnosis" and "overtreatment". Benign disease should not be treated as malignancy, pre- and minimally invasive disease should not be treated as invasive disease, and indolent malignancy should not be treated as aggressive malignancy.