Future Advances in Neurolaryngology.

Neurolaryngology as a subspecialty of laryngology has developed considerably in the last four decades with more laryngologists, neurologists, speech and swallow therapists, and neurophysiologists taking interest in the field. The North American and Japanese laryngology societies have increasingly focused on conditions which are mainly concerned with aberrations of the nervous system affecting the larynx directly or indirectly. In the last few years, societies in Europe and the Asia-Pacific have also recognized the need to collaborate both within their organizations and with other societies globally. Cross-border pollination of ideas has increasingly become easier and with the aid of technology - almost seamless with real-time capacity to share operating experience, lectures, and panel discussions. The future advances in neurolaryngology will require incremental improvements in processes of diagnostics, objectivization (where possible) of pathology, standardization of treatments with comparison of results using accepted patient-based tests, investigations and imaging where possible. Ultimately, from the contributions in the previous chapters, it is fairly obvious that many conditions are still poorly understood and therefore management becomes more symptom based rather than dealing with the root cause of the problem. An understanding of the physiology of vocalization, swallow, and breathing beyond a rudimentary acceptance of many towards the vagus nerve and other neural factors may help understand what has otherwise been a rather simplistic approach to one of the most complex parts of the human body, essential to life and equally important - the quality of life. In this chapter, we aim to look at where advances in neurolaryngology may and perhaps will take place. We will look at the potential of better imaging modalities, neurophysiological testing and physiology of the brain. Tests and treatments currently in use may require some refinements or be possibly abandoned and replaced with more effective ones that can demonstrate a difference in the management of various patient groups. The future is hard to predict, and the rate of advancement equally so, but given the rate at which information technology, artificial intelligence, and basic science research are progressing, neurolaryngology may indeed have its welcome boost in the not too distant future.